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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1930-1934
  • Biomechanics  (2)
  • RAPD  (2)
  • Aneuploid  (1)
  • Caffeine  (1)
Datenquelle
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1930-1934
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The development of strains, forces and nociceptor activity in retrodiscal tissues of the temporomandibular joint of male and female goats (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 113 (1997), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Temporomandibular ; Joint ; Biomechanics ; Gender ; Nociception
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Chronic pain in the temporomandibular (TM) joint is predominantly manifested in women. We examined biomechanical and neural factors that could contribute to this differential representation. Relationships between jaw rotation, soft tissue strains and soft tissue forces were examined in the goat TM joint. Strains were minimal until the jaw was rotated beyond the normal range of motion (7.25 deg). There were no significant differences in rotation-strain patterns in males and females. Stress developed as strains were introduced by jaw rotation. Gender differences were observed. Males manifested higher failure loads (15.94±1.98 and 11.37±2.02 N, for males and females respectively) and higher elastic stiffness than females (5.62±1.19 N/mm and 1.64±0.31 N/mm, for males and females respectively). Recordings were made from cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion whose distal processes innervated the retrodiscal tissue of the temporomandibular joint of the goat (n=48). Nociceptor reactivity was characterized with respect to the capacity to transduce mandibular rotation (rotation-interval functions;n=29). On the basis of established relationships between rotation, strain and tissue forces, rotation-interval functions were transformed into strain-interval and force-interval functions. Comparisons were made between nociceptor properties grouped by gender. No differences in properties were observed when nociceptors were characterized with respect to jaw rotation; however, gender differences were obtained when nociceptor reactivity was characterized with respect to retrodiscal strains or forces. Consistent with smaller failure loads, nociceptors of retrodiscal tissues of females manifested a smaller range (1.12 vs 4.33 N), force to average (1.51 vs 4.64 N), force to minimum (0.95 vs 2.48 N) and force to asymptotic discharge (2.07 vs 6.81 N). Consistent with lower elastic stiffness, nociceptors of female tissues manifested higher average strain (54.4% vs 41.9%) and peak strain (74.0% vs 58.1%) to asymptotic discharge relative to those sampled from male tissues. The implications of these findings for TM joint injury and chronic pain are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450329
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of caffeine deprivation on complex human functioning (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 118 (1995), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Caffeine ; Complex behavior ; Decision making ; Deprivation ; Human functioning ; Managerial effectiveness ; Performance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-five managers who reported an average daily caffeine consumption of 575 mg participated in two complex simulations. A double-blind cross-over design was employed to assess the effects of normal caffeine consumption versus caffeine deprivation upon seven validated measures of managerial effectiveness. Data from a Caffeine Withdrawal Questionnaire indicated discomfort upon deprivation. Systolic blood pressure increased during “normal” caffeine consumption levels but fell quickly and remained lower during deprivation. Several measures of managerial performance indicated decreased effectiveness upon caffeine deprivation. In contrast to prior research from simpler task settings, cognitive effectiveness (during complex task performance) was diminished. However, a measure of strategic performance which requires a relatively high level of cognitive effort showed no impact of caffeine deprivation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245937
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal location of genes for stem rust resistance derived from ‘Waldron’ wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1158-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Puccinia graminis ; Aneuploid ; Cytogenetics ; Monosomics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The chromosomal locations of genes for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Waldron’ (WDR) were determined by monosomic analyses. Wheat lines WDR-B1, -C2, -E4, and -F1,which have single genes for resistance to stem rust derived previously from WDR sel. ‘Little Club’, were crossed onto a complete set of 21 ‘Chinese Spring’ monosomics. The F2 and backcross-F1 (BC1F1) seedlings from each of the 84 crosses were tested for reaction to culture 111-SS2 (CRL-LCBB) of stem rust, and a few selected segregants were analyzed cytologically for chromosome number. The F2 from 2 crosses of WDR-C2, -E4 and -F1 and the BC1F1 from 2 crosses of WDR-F1 were tested also with culture Or11c (CRL-QBCN). Significant deviations from disomic ratios towards monosomic ratios in the F2 and BC1F1 were used to determine which chromosomes carried the genes for resistance. Cytological analyses of certain BC1F1 and susceptible F2 plants were used to help identify the location of the genes for rust resistance. WDR-B1 has a gene, herein designated Sr41, for resistance on chromosome 4D. WDR-C2 has a gene on chromosome 7 A that may be the same as one previously designated SrWld2. WDR-E4 has a gene on chromosome 2A, possibly SrWld1, which is effective against most or all North American stem rust cultures. WDR-F1 has a gene on chromosome 6B that is the same as or similar to Sr11.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222937
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of four molecular markers in measuring relationships among the wild potato relatives Solanum section Etuberosum (subgenus Potatoe) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words  Genetic distance ; Potato ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Solanum section Etuberosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract   We evaluated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), isozymes, single to low-copy nuclear DNA (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in terms of concordance for genetic distance of 15 accessions each of Solanum etuberosum and S. palustre, and 4 accessions of S. fernandezianum. These self-compatible, diploid (2n=24), and morphologically very similar taxa constitute all species in Solanum sect. Etuberosum, a group of non-tuber-bearing species closely related to Solanum sect. Petota (the potato and its wild relatives). Genetic distance and multidimentional scaling results show general concordance of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPDs between all three taxa; cpDNA shows S. etuberosum and S. palustre to be more similar to each other than to S. fernandezianum. Interspecific sampling variance shows a gradation of resolution from allozyme (low) to RAPD to RFLP (high); while intraspecific comparisons graded from RFLPs (low) to RAPDs (high; lack of sufficient allozyme variability within species precluded comparisons for allozymes). Experimental error was low in RFLPs and RAPDs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050160
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of four molecular markers in measuring relationships among the wild potato relatives Solanum section Etuberosum (subgenus Potatoe) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic distance ; Potato ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Solanum section Etuberosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), isozymes, single to low-copy nuclear DNA (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in terms of concordance for genetic distance of 15 accessions each of Solanum etuberosum and S. palustre, and 4 accessions of S. fernandezianum. These self-compatible, diploid (2n=24), and morphologically very similar taxa constitute all species in Solanum sect. Etuberosum, a group of non-tuber-bearing species closely related to Solanum sect. Petota (the potato and its wild relatives). Genetic distance and multidimentional scaling results show general concordance of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPDs between all three taxa; cpDNA shows S. etuberosum and S. palustre to be more similar to each other than to S. fernandezianum. Interspecific sampling variance shows a gradation of resolution from allozyme (low) to RAPD to RFLP (high); while intraspecific comparisons graded from RFLPs (low) to RAPDs (high; lack of sufficient allozyme variability within species precluded comparisons for allozymes). Experimental error was low in RFLPs and RAPDs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224555
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New models of the oculomotor mechanics based on data obtained with chronic muscle force transducers (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 346-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Saccade ; Extraocular muscles ; Muscle crossbridge models ; Biomechanics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Several phenomenological models of the oculomotor mechanics that produce saccadic eye movements have been developed. These models have been based on measurements of macroscopic muscle and orbital tissue properties and measurements of eye kinematics during saccades. We recorded the forces generated by the medial and lateral recti during saccades in an alert, behaving monkey using chronically implanted force transducers. With this new data, we tested the ability of the classic saccade models to generate realistic muscle force profiles. Errors in the predictions of the classic saccade models led to a reexamination of the current models of extraocular muscle. Both a phenomenological, Hill-type muscle model and an approximation to Huxley's molecular level muscle model based on the crossbridge mechanism of contraction (distribution moment model) were derived and studied for monkey extraocular muscle. Simulations of the distribution moment model led to insights suggesting (i) specific modifications in the lumped force/velocity relationship in the Hill-type model that resulted in this type of phenomenological model being able to generate realistic dynamics in extraocular muscle during saccades; (ii) the distribution of activity in the different fiber types in extraocular muscle may be central to the characteristics exhibited by the muscle during saccades; (iii) the transient properties of lengthening muscle such as yielding are not significant during saccades; and (iv) the series elastic component in active muscle may be predominantly generated by the elastic properties of the cross-bridges.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000003
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