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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in barley in response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: glycine betaine ; betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase ; osmotic stress ; gene expression ; plant hormone ; abscisic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When subjected to salt stress or drought, some vascular plants such as barley respond with an increased accumulation of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (betaine), being the last step of betaine synthesis catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). We report here cloning and characterization of BADH cDNA from barley, a monocot, and the expression pattern of a BADH transcript. An open reading frame of 1515 bp encoded a protein which showed high homology to BADH enzymes present in other plants (spinach and sugar-beet) and in Escherichia coli. Transgenic tobacco plants harboring the clone expressed high levels of both BADH protein and its enzymatic activity. Northern blot analyses indicated that BADH mRNA levels increased almost 8-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in leaves and roots of barley plants grown in high-salt conditions, and that these levels decreased upon release of the stress, whereas they did not decrease under continuous salt stress. BADH transcripts also accumulate in response to water stress or drought, indicating a common response of the plant to osmotic changes that affect its water status. The addition of abscisic acid (ABA) to plants during growth also increased the levels of BADH transcripts dramatically, although the response was delayed when compared to that found for salt-stressed plants. Removal of plant roots before transferring the plants to high-salt conditions reduced only slightly the accumulation of BADH transcripts in the leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020185
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The same nuclear proteins bind to the 5′-flanking regions of genes for the rice seed storage protein: 16 kDa albumin, 13 kDa prolamin and type II glutelin (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 32 (1996), S. 621-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: rice seed storage protein ; albumin ; gene expression ; glutelin ; prolamin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Expression of rice seed storage-protein genes is dramatically regulated over a short period of seed maturation. To characterize the expression mechanism of the rice seed storage protein genes, their expression of major storage protein genes (16 kDa albumin, 13 kDa prolamin and type II glutelin) were compared by RNA blot analysis. Their coordinate expression suggests that the transcriptional regulatory machinery is shared among the glutelin, prolamin and albumin-genes. We isolated two novel genomic genes for prolamins (PG5a and PG5b) and obtained the promoter region of the glutelin gene by PCR. The 5′-flanking regions of these three rice seed storage protein genes were found to contain some similar conserved sequences. Nuclear extract partially purified from maturing rice seeds was used for the gel shift assay of the 5′ region of the RA gene. We identified two DNA sequences of RA gene which were recognized by independent DNA-binding proteins. The complexes of these DNA sequences and DNA-binding proteins were inhibited by the fragments containing the 5′ regions of the prolamin and glutelin genes, suggesting that these three genes share transcription factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue-specific and light-responsive regulation of the promoter region of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (FAD7) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; chloroplast ; gene expression ; ω-3 fatty acid desaturase ; promoter ; transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Arabidopsis FAD7 gene encodes a chloroplast ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the desaturation of lipid-linked dienoic fatty acids (18:2 and 16:2). An 825 bp FAD7 promoter fragment upstream from the transcriptional start point contained several short sequences which were homologous to the cis-elements (box II, G-box, etc.) conserved in many light-responsive genes. We introduced the FAD7 promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) or the luciferase (LUC) reporter gene into tobacco plants. The −825 promoter sequence conferred tissue-specific and light-responsive expression to both these reporter genes in transgenic tobacco, indicating that these expressions of the FAD7 gene were regulated mainly at the transcriptional level. Histochemical GUS staining showed that the activity of the FAD7 promoter is restricted to the tissues with chloroplast-containing cells although the staining was noticeably absent in the chloroplast-containing cells associated with vascular systems. The 5′ deletion experiments of the promoter revealed that the −362/ −166 region, containing two putative box II sequences, was responsible for the tissue-specific and light-responsive expression of the FAD7 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020987
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential induction by methyl jasmonate of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and other enzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco cell cultures (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 1101-1111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; tobacco BY-2 cells ; gene expression ; jasmonic acid ; methyl jasmonate ; ornithine decarboxylase ; polyamine ; nicotine ; SAM synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA of tobacco BY-2 cells corresponding to an mRNA species which was rapidly induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) was found to encode ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Another cDNA from a MeJA-inducible mRNA encoded S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS). Although these enzymes could be involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines, the level of putrescine, a reaction product of ODC, increased slowly and while the levels of spermidine and spermine did not change following treatment of cells with MeJA. However, N-methylputrescine, which is a precursor of pyrrolidine ring of nicotine, started to increase shortly after MeJA-treatment of cells and the production of nicotine occured thereafter. The levels of mRNA for arginine decarboxylase (ADC), an alternative enzyme for putrescine synthesis, and that for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), required for polyamine synthesis, were not affected by MeJA. In addition to mRNAs for ODC and SAMS, mRNA for putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) was also induced by MeJA. Unlike the MeJA-induction of ODC mRNA, MeJA-induction of SAMS and PMT mRNAs were blocked by CHX. The level of ODC mRNA declined after 1 to 4 h following MeJA treatment, while the levels of mRNAs for SAMS and PMT continued to increase. Auxin significantly reduced the MeJA-inducible accumulation of mRNAs for ODC, SAMS and PMT. These results indicate that MeJA sequentially induces expression of a series of genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis by multiple regulatory mechanisms.p〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006058700949
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Diltiazem on Cardiac Remodeling in Rats Assessed by Doppler Echocardiography and mRNA Expression (1999)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 13 (1999), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: ventricular remodeling ; myocardial infarction ; diltiazem ; Doppler echocardiography ; gene expression ; cardiac function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summary. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diltiazem on cardiac dysfunction and the change in cardiac gene expression after myocardial infarction in rats. On the first day after myocardial infarction, rats were randomly assigned to a diltiazem treatment (Dil, n = 7) or an untreated group (MI, n = 8). We then performed Doppler-echocardiographic examinations on the rats and measured their hemodynamics at 4 weeks after myocardial infarction. Following these measurements, their cardiac mRNA was analyzed. Diltiazem decreased the mean aortic pressure and heart rate. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and central venous pressure (CVP) increased to 18 ± 2 mmHg and 5 ± 1 mmHg (P 〈 0.01). Diltiazem reduced LVEDP to 14 ± 1 mmHg (P 〈 0.05), but it did not change CVP. The weight of the right ventricle in MI was significantly larger than in the control rats (control, n = 7, 0.46 ± 0.02 g/kg vs. MI, 0.81 ± 0.06 g/kg; P 〈 0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) in MI increased to 8.8 ± 0.3 mm (P 〈 0.01, control, 6.1 ± 0.3 mm). Diltiazem prevented an increase in the weight of the right ventricle (0.69 ± 0.03 g/kg, P 〈 0.05) and LVDd (7.7 ±6 0.2 mm, P 〈 0.05 to MI). The rats within MI showed systolic dysfunction, defined by a decreased ejection fraction (control, 67 ± 2% vs. MI, 36 ± 3%, P 〈 0.01), and diastolic dysfunction, defined by the E-wave deceleration rate (control, 13.4 ± 1.6 m/s2 vs. MI, 30.4 ± 3.4 m/s2 P 〈 0.01). Diltiazem significantly prevented systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The increases in β-MHC, ANP, and collagen type I and III mRNAs in the noninfarcted left ventricle and right ventricle were significantly suppressed by treatment with diltiazem. α-Skeletal actin increased in MI, and α-skeletal actin was more increased with Dil. In conclusion, diltiazem prevents cardiac dysfunction and morphological change due to left ventricular remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007752310881
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