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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1905-1909
  • Density fronts  (1)
  • ozone episodes  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suspended particulate matter and dynamics of the Mfolozi estuary, Kwazulu-Natal: Implications for environmental management (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 28 (1996), S. 40-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Mfolozi Estuary ; Suspended particulate matter ; Shear stress ; Density fronts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Mfolozi Estuary on the KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa is the most turbid estuary in Natal due to poor catchment management, leading to large quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) entering the estuary from the Mfolozi River. This paper quantities some of the solute and sediment dynamics in the Mfolozi Estuary where the main documented environmental concern is the periodic input of SPM from the Mfolozi Estuary to the St. Lucia system, causing reduction of light penetration and endangering biological productivity in this important nature reserve. Synoptic water level results have allowed reach mean bed shear stresses and velocities to be calculated for an observed neap tidal cycle. Results indicate that ebb velocities dominate the sediment transport processes in the estuary when fluvial input in the Mfolozi River is of the order of 15–20 m3 s–1. Observed and predicted flood tide velocities are too low (〈0.35 m s–1) to suspend and transport significant amounts of SPM. Observed results indicate that although the SPM load entering the estuary is dominantly from the Mfolozi River, the Msunduzi River flow plays a major role in the composition of the estuary's salinity and velocity fields. It is calculated that the Mfolozi Estuary would fill with sediment in 1.3 years if it was cut off from the sea. The major fluvial flood events help maintain the estuary by periodically pushing sediment seawards (spit progrades seawards 5 m yr–1) and scouring and maintaining the main flow channel in the estuary. During low fluvial flow conditions, tidal flow velocities will become the dominant control on sediment transport in the estuary. Interchange of SPM between the St. Lucia and Mfolozi estuaries under present conditions is complicated by the strong transverse velocity shear between the two systems at their combined mouth. This is creating a salinity-maintained axial convergence front that suppresses mixing of solutes and SPM between the systems for up to 10 h of the tidal cycle during observed conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050077
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of field-grown ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) exposed to ozone episodes (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1343-1348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ozone episodes ; Fraxinus excelsior ; growth ; leaf area ; abscission ; open-top chambers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ash trees were exposed to ozone episodes (150 nl l−1, 8 h d−1, 24–27 d y−1) from May to October, 1992 to 1994, in open-top chambers designed to minimise microclimatic modification. Many aspects of growth were studied, including leaf abscission, leaf area, mean leaf size, tree height and girth, extension growth, cross sectional area of annual rings and above-ground dry weight. An overview of the results is presented. This shows that the duration of the leaf fall period was increased by exposure to ozone. However, three seasons of severe ozone exposure relative to UK conditions did not significantly alter other aspects of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477168
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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