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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 5097-5104 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic exchange anisotropy has been studied in epitaxial Fe3O4 based bilayers grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgO substrates. Measurements of the exchange biasing of the Fe3O4 magnetization curves were performed on (100)- and (111)-oriented Fe3O4 (20 nm)/CoO (20 nm) bilayers and (100)-oriented Co0.16Fe2.84O4 (190 nm)/Fe3O4 (40–370 nm) bilayers. The effective exchange bias field Heb and coupling energy were found to be 10–102 kA/m and 1–2 mJ/m2, respectively. The dependence of Heb on the thickness d of the soft magnetic component (magnetite) of the cobalt ferrite/magnetite bilayer Heb∼1/d is found to be in agreement with the predictions of a Stoner–Wohlfarth-type model. The order of magnitude and the temperature dependence of Heb for the Fe3O4/CoO bilayers are similar to those of bilayers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7976-7984 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman scattering and infrared absorption of the C84 and Sc2@C84 isomers 23:D2d were studied at room temperature and 95 K. The results are compared to the response of pristine and doped C60. According to the lower symmetry and the higher number of atoms C84 exhibits much more vibrational modes than C60, in particular at wave numbers above 500 cm−1. For lower energies the vibrational structure of C84 resembles a downshifted and split C60 spectrum. After the encapsulation of two scandium atoms the overall vibrational structure and the number of C84 modes was preserved as a result of the similar geometric structure. From the very good correlation of the C84 and Sc2@C84 cage modes metal to fullerene charge transfer induced shifts could be analyzed. The lines were found less shifted compared to the C60 modes in exohedral doped A6C60 (A=K,Rb,Cs). Increased line widths of low energy cage modes were attributed to an additional intramolecular relaxation channel related to the dynamics of the encapsulated scandium ions. A set of nine new lines with almost complementary Raman and infrared intensities was found for Sc2@C84 below 200, at 246 and at 259 cm−1, and attributed to Sc–C84 vibrations. These vibrations were further identified as Sc–C84 stretching and Sc–C84 deformation modes. The Sc–C84 valence force constant of 1.19 N/cm was derived with a linear three-mass oscillator model for Sc2@C84. Both, the charge transfer induced line shifts and the Sc–C84 valence force constant indicate an effective transfer of approximately two electrons per scandium to the carbon cage. This is in agreement with an electronic state (Sc2.2+)2@C84〈sup ARRANGE="STAGGER"〉4.4− previously proposed on the basis of x-ray powder diffraction, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and quantum chemical calculations. The unexpected high number of Sc–C84 vibrations is attributed to crystal field and factor group splitting. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 14 (1903), S. 305-324 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational complexity 7 (1998), S. 346-370 
    ISSN: 1420-8954
    Keywords: Keywords. Complexity of Boolean functions, threshold circuits, circuit lower bounds, representations by multivariate polynomials.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the computational power of threshold—AND circuits versus threshold—XOR circuits. In contrast to the observation that small weight threshold—AND circuits can be simulated by small weight threshold—XOR circuit, we present a function with small size unbounded weight threshold—AND circuits for which all threshold—XOR circuits have exponentially many nodes. This answers the basic question of separating subsets of the hypercube by hypersurfaces induced by sparse real polynomials. We prove our main result by a new lower bound argument for threshold circuits. Finally we show that unbounded weight threshold gates cannot simulate alternation: There are $ AC^{0,3} $ -functions which need exponential size threshold—AND circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Integral equations and operator theory 26 (1996), S. 125-135 
    ISSN: 1420-8989
    Keywords: 47A53 ; 47A55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Given a bounded linear operatorA in an infinite dimensional Banach space and a compact subset Λ of a connected component of its semi-Fredholm domain, we construct a finite rank operatorF such that λ−A+F is bounded below (or surjective) for each λ ∈ Λ,F 2=0 and rankF=maxλ∈Λ min{dimN(λ−A), codimR(λ−A)}, if ind(λ−A)≤0 (or ind(λ−A)≥0, respectively) for each λ∈Λ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 8 (1875), S. 539-554 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 9 (1876), S. 554-572 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 258-263 (Dec. 1997), p. 911-916 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 144 (1996), S. 1352-1356 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Persistierende pulmonale Hypertonie des Neugeborenen (PPHN) ; Oxygenierung ; Stickoxid (NO) ; Atemnotsyndrom (HMD) ; Response ; Key words Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) ; Oxygenation ; Nitric oxide (NO) ; Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) ; Responder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Critical hypoxemia due to extrapulmonary right-to-left-shunting is a typical feature of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). To improve oxygenation, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been used for the last three years in neonatal intensive care units during mechanical ventilation, thus lowering pulmonary vascular resistance. However, sustained improvement in oxygenation is only noted in one third up to two fifths of treated newborns (responders) if PPHN develops due to primary pulmonary disease. NO has only been used for term neonates until recently, when a growing interest for its administration in preterm babies with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) came up. Since intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting is the main reason for hypoxia in HMD, inhaled NO should prove to be a potent selective pulmonary vasodilator in future studies. Further clinical and experimental studies with animals will be helpful to evaluate the individual newborn as being a potential responder or nonresponder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die hochgradige Oxygenierungsstörung durch extrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunts ist ein typisches Merkmal bei Neugeborenen mit persistierender pulmonaler Hypertonie (PPHN). Zur Verbesserung der Oxygenierung wird seit ca. 3 Jahren in neonatologischen Zentren Stickoxid (NO) während der maschinellen Beatmung inhalativ zur Senkung des pulmonalen Gefäßwiderstands verabreicht. Nur 1/3–2/5 der behandelten Neugeborenen reagiert mit einer anhaltenden Verbesserung der Oxygenierung (Responder), wenn eine primär pulmonal-parenchymatöse Erkrankung mit sekundärer PPHN vorliegt. Wurde NO aus toxikologischen Erwägungen bisher fast ausschließlich bei reifen Neugeborenen angewendet, so hat sich jüngst ein Interesse für den Einsatz bei Frühgeborenen mit Atemnotsyndrom (HMD) entwickelt. Da der intrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunt jedoch die wesentliche Ursache der Oxygenierungsstörung bei Frühgeborenen mit HMD ist, sollten zukünftige Studien die Anwendung von NO als potenten, selektiven pulmonalen Vasodilator in der Lungenstrombahn des Frühgeborenen rechtfertigen. Weitere klinische und tierexperimentelle Studien sind notwendig, um das individuelle Neugeborene als potentiellen Responder oder Nonresponder einschätzen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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