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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • cloud point  (2)
  • 2Cys-peroxiredoxin  (1)
  • 3‐dimethy‐2‐imidazolidinone solvent system  (1)
  • Dihydroartemisinin
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction characteristics of cellulose in the LiCl/1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone solvent system (1999)
    Springer
    Cellulose 6 (1999), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Schlagwort(e): LiCl/1 ; 3‐dimethy‐2‐imidazolidinone solvent system ; homogeneous cellulose solution ; cellulose acetate ; O‐methylcellulose ; reaction characteristics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract In order to elucidate the nature of the LiCl/1,3‐dimethy‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) solvent system as one of the homogeneous reaction media of cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA) and O‐methylcellulose (MC) were prepared using this solvent system, and the distribution of substituents within anhydroglucose units was examined by 13C‐NMR. It was found that (i) homogeneous cellulose solutions can be easily prepared by heating 2, 5–12 and 100 parts of weight of cellulose, LiCl, and DMI, respectively, and (ii) the relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups is in the order C‐6 〉 C‐2 〉 C‐3 for both CA and MC. A remarkable feature of this solvent system is that the reaction efficiency in etherification is very high compared with other homogeneous solvent systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009208417954
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence evaluation of two generic formulations of oral artesunate (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 53 (1998), S. 375-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Artesunate ; Dihydroartemisinin ; Pharmacokinetics ; Bioequivalence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050397
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical Stability of Ethyl Diatrizoate Nanocrystalline Suspension in Steam Sterilization (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): nanocrystals ; submicron crystals ; suspensions ; steam sterilization ; physical stability ; surfactants ; cloud point ; ethyl diatrizoate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To study the effects of formulation variables on the physical stability of a submicron crystal (nanocrystal) suspension under steam sterilization conditions. Methods. Suspensions of ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystals were prepared by wet milling in the presence of the surfactant poloxamine 908. Particle size distribution and zeta potential were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. Results. On heating, the mean particle size of the nanocrystal suspension remained essentially unchanged up to 110°C, the cloud point of the stabilizing surfactant, but increased significantly above that temperature. The increase in particle size was a result of particle aggregation rather than crystal growth. Adding a cloud point booster to the suspension significantly minimized the particle aggregation at high temperatures. The purity of poloxamine 908 and the tonicity agent and buffer salt used also affected the heat stability of the suspension, the latter agents apparently through altering the surfactant cloud point. Conclusions. The aggregation of the ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystalline suspension under steam sterilization conditions was a result of phase separation of the stabilizing surfactant at its cloud point. When formulated with a cloud point booster to prevent the phase-separation, the suspension maintained its physical stability under steam sterilization without any significant change in particle size distribution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018883431970
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants: Modulation with Pharmaceutical Excipients (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 562-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): nonionic surfactants ; cloud point ; cloud point boosters ; poloxamers ; poloxamines ; liquid formulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To determine the cloud point of a variety of nonionic surfactants and to search for means to raise the surfactant cloud point in liquid formulations. Methods. Cloud points of nonionic surfactants were determined visually in a water bath. Organic compounds, many of which have been used as pharmaceutical excipients, were tested initially for effect on the cloud point of poloxamine 908. Four effective cloud point boosters (CPBs) from different structural classes were further tested on additional surfactants. Results. A number of compounds can raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactants. These cloud point boosters are classified into two categories: nonionic and ionic. The nonionic CPBs include poly(ethylene glycols), propylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. They are effective at molar concentrations. The ionic CPBs include anionic and cationic surfactants, charged phospholipids, long chain fatty acids, and bile salts. They are effective at millimolar concentrations. Conclusions. The cloud point of nonionic surfactants used in liquid formulations can be modulated through the proper choice of excipient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018831415131
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning, expression, and functional characterization of a 2Cys-peroxiredoxin in Chinese cabbage (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 825-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): 2Cys-peroxiredoxin ; Chinese cabbage ; expression ; functional characterization ; gene cloning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA (C2C-Prx) corresponding to a 2Cys-peroxiredoxin (2Cys-Prx) was isolated from a leaf cDNA library of Chinese cabbage. The predicted amino acid sequence of C2C-Prx has 2 conserved cysteines and several peptide domains present in most of the 2Cys-Prx subfamily members. It shows the highest sequence homology to the 2Cys-Prx enzymes of spinach (88%) and Arabidopsis (86%). Southern analysis using the cDNA insert of C2C-Prx revealed that it consists of a small multigene family in Chinese cabbage genome. RNA blot analysis showed that the gene was predominantly expressed in the leaf tissue of Chinese cabbage seedlings, but the mRNA was generally expressed in most tissues of mature plant, except roots. The expression of C2C-Prx was slightly induced by treatment with H2O2 (100μM) or Fe3+/O2/DTT oxidation system, but not by ABA (50 μM) or GA3 (10 μM). The C2C-Prx is encoded as a preprotein of 273 amino acids containing a putative chloroplast-targeting signal of 65 amino acids at its N-terminus. The N-terminally truncated recombinant protein (ΔC2C-Prx) migrates as a dimer in a non-reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel and as a monomer in a reducing condition. The ΔC2C-Prx shows no immuno cross-reactivity to antiserum of the yeast thiol-specific antioxidant protein, and vice versa. The ΔC2C-Prx prevents the inactivation of glutamine synthetase and the DNA cleavage in the metal-catalyzed oxidation system. In the yeast thioredoxin system containing thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin, and NADPH, the ΔC2C-Prx exhibits peroxidase activity on H2O2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006271823973
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