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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • hypoglycaemia  (3)
  • AG-EE 623 ZW
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social status and the quality of care for adult people with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus – a population-based study (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1139-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; quality of care ; diabetes education ; late complications ; HbA1c ; hypoglycaemia ; diet ; cardiovascular complications ; quality of life.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective of this study was to assess the degree of diabetes care and education achieved for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus at the community level in relation to social status and to elucidate potential pathways that mediate any social class gradient. A population-based sample of 684 adults with Type I diabetes (41 % women, mean ± SD age 36 ± 11, diabetes duration 18 ± 11 years) in the district of North-Rhine (9.5 million inhabitants), Germany, were examined in their homes using a mobile ambulance. Results: HbA1c (normal 4.3–6.1 %) 8.0 ± 1.5 %, incidence of severe hypoglycaemia (injection of glucose or glucagon) 0.21 cases per patient-year; 62 % of patients had participated in a structured group treatment and teaching programme for intensification of insulin therapy; 70 % used 3 or more insulin injections per day, 9 % were on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; 91 % reported to have had measurements of HbA1c during the preceding year, and 80 % to have had an examination of the retina by an ophthalmologist. Care was insufficient with respect to the quality of blood pressure control (70 % of patients on antihypertensive drugs had blood pressure values ≥ 160/95 mmHg), patient awareness of proteinuria/albuminuria (27 % of patients had not heard about it) and prevention of foot complications (only 42 % with a diabetes duration over 10 years had remembered to have a foot examination during the preceding 12 months). There was a pronounced social gradient with respect to micro- and macrovascular complications (prevalence of overt nephropathy 7 vs 20 % for highest vs lowest quintiles of social class [OR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.6–7.5, p = 0.002]) and diabetes-specific quality of life. HbA1c, blood pressure and smoking accounted for part of the association between social class and microvascular complications. The social class gradient was not due to inequality to access to health services, but to lower acceptance among low social class patients of preventive and health maintaining behaviour. In conclusion, achieved standards of care are high with respect to the implementation of intensified treatment regimens, the level of patient education achieved, treatment control and eye care, whereas areas for improvement are blood pressure control and preventive measures for foot care. A substantial social gradient in diabetes care persists despite equal access of patients to health services. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1139–1150]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051043
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensified insulin therapy and the risk of severe hypoglycaemia (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 926-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin therapy ; hypoglycaemia ; HbA1 c ; patient education ; centre effect.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objectives of the present analyses were to assess the association between HbA1 c levels and severe hypoglycaemia (SH, treatment with glucose i. v. or glucagon injection) and to identify predictors of SH in a prospective multicentre trial. The study population consisted of 636 insulin-dependent diabetic patients who had participated in a structured 5-day in-patient group treatment and teaching programme for intensification of insulin therapy (ITTP) in one of 10 hospitals and who were re-examined after 1, 2, 3, and 6 years including assessment of demographic, disease and treatment related parameters, diabetes-related knowledge, behaviour, and emotional coping. At baseline, age (mean ± SD) was 27 ± 7 years, diabetes duration 9 ± 7 years and HbA1 c 8.3 ± 1.9 %. During the 6-year follow-up, the mean HbA1 c value improved to 7.6 %, and in patients with a diabetes duration of more than 1 year at entry into the study (n = 538) the incidence of SH decreased from 0.28 cases/patient/year during the year preceding the ITTP to 0.17 cases/patient/year. The patient group was divided into decile groups according to mean follow-up HbA1 c values. In each group more than 230 patient years could be analysed. Groups with mean HbA1 c values of 5.7, 7.0, 7.4, 7.7 and 8.9 % had comparable risks of SH (0.15–0.19 cases/patient/year). In a logistic regression analysis, mean HbA1 c during follow-up, a history of SH during the year preceding the ITTP, C-peptide level, emotional coping, carrying emergency carbohydrates (as assessed at the 1-year follow-up), and age at onset of diabetes were significant independent predictors of SH. The incidence of SH between centres varied between 0.05 and 0.27 cases/patient/year. In conclusion, in the present analyses no linear or exponential relationship between HbA1 c and severe hypoglycaemia could be identified by using simple group comparisons. Applying complex regression analyses, various patient-related predictors of severe hypoglycaemia were identified. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 926–932]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050769
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are presently available insulin analogues clinically beneficial? (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. S91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin analogues ; intensified insulin therapy ; HbA1c ; hypoglycaemia ; quality of life ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A number of insulin analogues have been developed by genetic engineering in order to improve the possibilities of substituting prandial and basal insulin requirements in diabetic patients by subcutaneous injection. For some short acting insulin analogues, in particular for [Lys(B28),Pro(B29)]-human insulin, preclinical and clinical trials have been performed. Despite the favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of these short-acting insulin analogues resulting in an attenuation of prandial hyperglycaemia following subcutaneous injection in diabetic patents, up to now, actual clinical benefits have not become apparent when they were used in clinical trials. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: S 91–S 97]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051416
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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