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Digitale Medien

Apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and Alzheimer's disease: Effect on age at onset and relative risk in different age groups (1996)

Kurz, Alexander ; Altland, Klaus ; Lautenschlager, Nicola ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 452-456

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ISSN: 1432-1459

Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer's disease ; Apolipoprotein E ; Age at onset ; Relative risk

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract The effect of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype on the age at onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the relative risk conferred by the apoE ε4 allele were studied in 91 patients and 69 healthy age-matched controls. According to the age of presentation, which varied from 44 to 95 years, subjects were divided into four groups. The inheritance of at least one ɛ4 allele was associated with a significant reduction of the age at onset by 7.7 years among patients who were 83 years or older when examined. A weaker inverse relationship between the ɛ4 allele and the age at onset was also observed among patients who were aged 44–63 years at presentation. The effect of the c4 allele was minimal or absent in the two intermediate age categories. The relative risk of AD conferred by the inheritance of at least one £4 allele showed no consistent age-related pattern. The overall risk expressed as an odds ratio was 5.0 (95% CI 2.4–10.5). With respect to the limitations of the study, we tentatively conclude (1) that the effect of the apoE ɛ4 allele on the age at onset is not restricted to AD patients of a particular age, in accordance with current hypotheses on the role of apoE gene products in the biology of AD; (2) that the relative risk of AD associated with the ɛ4 allele is not significantly modulated by age. Although the apoE ɛ4 allele is an important susceptibility factor for AD occurring in middle age as well as in later life, it is of limited value in routine clinical diagnosis and should not be used for predictive testing in asymptomatic individuals.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900498

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Digitale Medien

Antifungal Diketopiperazines from Symbiotic Fungus of Fungus-Growing Ant Cyphomyrmex minutus (1999)

Wang, Yong ; Mueller, Ulrich G. ; Clardy, Jon

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 935-941

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Antifungal ; diketopiperazine ; Cyphomyrmex minutus ; fungus-growing ant ; symbiosis ; Tyridiomyces formicarum

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The attine fungus Tyridiomyces formicarum, the symbiont of the fungus-growing ant Cyphomyrmex minutus, produces several antifungal diketopiperazines. This represents the first identification of antifungal compounds from an attine symbiont and contradicts previous suggestions that attine fungi do not produce metabolites with antifungal activity. T. formicarum probably produces antifungal compounds in defense (1) against other fungi that invade the gardens and escape the weeding activity of the ants, or (2) against ant-pathogenic fungi that could harm the host ants. Fungi cultivated by fungus-growing ants may represent a rich source of additional bioactive metabolites.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020861221126

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