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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Diffuse peritonitis ; Source control ; Extensive intraoperative lavage ; Mannheim Peritonitis Index. ; Schlüsselwörter: Diffuse Peritonitis ; Herdsanierung ; extensive intraoperative Lavage ; Mannheimer-Peritonitis-Index.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die chirurgische Therapie der diffusen Peritonitis wird sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Unstrittig ist der Wert der Herdsanierung, aber über den Einsatz von additiven Verfahren wie kontinuierliche postoperative Peritoneallavage oder Etappenlavage wird kontrovers diskutiert. In einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie (1993–1996) wurde daher die Rolle additiver Prinzipien bei der Therapie der diffusen Peritonitis analysiert. Bei 186 Patienten mit diffuser Peritonitis wurde das Behandlungskonzept „Herdsanierung und intraoperative extensive (20–30 l) Lavage“ eingesetzt. Additive Maßnahmen wie die kontinuierliche postoperative Peritoneallavage (n = 17) oder die Etappenlavage (n = 5) kamen nur „on demand“, nämlich bei 20 Patienten (11 %) zum Einsatz. Bei 166 Patienten (89 %) war die Herdsanierung primär möglich. Der Schweregrad der Peritonitis (n = 186) betrug im Mittel 28,5 Punkte (range 16–43) entsprechend dem Mannheimer-Peritonitis-Index. Ursachen der Peritonitis waren am häufigsten eine Perforation oder Nahtinsuffizienz im unteren Gastrointestinaltrakt (52 %). Die Kliniksletalität betrug 12 % in der Gesamtgruppe, die postoperative Morbidität 34 %. Wir folgern aus unseren Daten, daß mit der heute vorhandenen hohen Qualität von Intensivmedizin und antiinfektiöser Therapie nur wenige Patienten (ca. 10 %) additive chirurgische Behandlungskonzepte wie die postoperative Peritoneallavage oder die Etappenlavage benötigen. Herdsanierung und intraoperative Lavage sind bei weitaus den meisten Patienten mit diffuser Peritonitis ausreichend.
    Notes: Summary. Surgical treatment of diffuse peritonitis is applied very variably. There is no question that source control is the most important treatment principle, but the role of additional treatment concepts such as continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage remains controversial. In a prospective survey (1993–1996) we analyzed the need for additional treatment concepts in our patient material. In 186 patients with diffuse peritonitis we applied the concept of source control and extensive (20–30 l) intraoperative lavage. Additional treatment principles such as continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage (n = 17) or staged lavage (n = 5) were applied only “on demand”, namely in 20 patients (11 %). In 166 patients (89 %) source control of diffuse peritonitis was possible. The mean severity of peritonitis (n = 186) was 28.5 (range 16–43) using the Mannheim Peritonitis Index. The primary cause of peritonitis in our patients was perforation or leakage in the lower GI tract (52 %). The hospital mortality rate was 12 % in the whole group, and the postoperative morbidity rate was 34 %. We conclude that nowadays, using high-quality intensive care as well as modern antiinfective treatment, only a few patients (ca. 10 %) need additional therapy measures such as postoperative lavage. Surgical source control in combination with intraoperative lavage is sufficient in most of the patients with diffuse peritonitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Radioembolisation ; Y-90 ; Hepatocellular carcinomas ; Angioscintigraphy ; Resin particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 19 patients (34 applications) radioembolisation with Y-90 resin particles applied superselectively with microcatheters was carried out as a palliative treatment of liver cell carcinoma. The calculations of tumour dose and of exposure to the liver parenchyma and lung were made following angioscintigraphy with 99mTc-MAP. In 27 patients the tumour dose was between 50 and 470 Gy, in 5 patients 〈 50 Gy and in 2 patients 〉 800 Gy. The adjacent liver parenchyma was exposed to 13% of the targeted tumour dose (mean 34 Gy). The lung shunt in 31 applications was between 0 and 8%, in three instances between 12 and 14%. Complications due to shunt or reflux were observed in 2 patients. Small solitary hypervascularised tumours showed the most improvement (high dose/low-volume embolisation). In multisegmental/lobar tumours, radioembolisation with smaller doses ( 〈 100 Gy) showed good palliative effects (medium dose/limited-volume embolisation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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