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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Thia-aza heterocycles ; Bis(azolyl)alkanes ; 1-(Haloalkyl)pyridinium halides ; Synthetic methods ; Cyclization reactions ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel 5/6/5 heterocycles, 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-d]-1,3,5-triazinium halides 7, have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6 with either 1-(haloalkyl)pyridinium halides 4 or N,N′-methylenebis(pyridinium) dibromides 5. The tricyclic compounds 7 are generated in the course of several successive reaction steps in which specific proton migrations, bond-breaking and bond-forming processes occur. The structures 7 have been verified by spectral data (1H and 13C NMR, MS), X-ray analysis and ab initio calculations. The latter show that both sp2-C atoms C(10) and C(12) of 7 are significantly positively charged and, therefore, exhibit electrophilic properties towards the primary amino group of the amino-thiadiazoles 6. In the course of a multi-step reaction cascade of the 6/7 mixture, novel multi-aza/thia heterocycles 8 are formed. The structures of the latter compounds have been confirmed by X-ray analysis as well as by detailed experimental and theoretical NMR-spectroscopic studies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: 4-Alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines ; 1-Acyl-4-benzylpyridinium tetrafluoroborates ; Carboxylic acid fluorides ; X-ray structures ; Ab initio calculations ; Density functional calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Acyl-4-benzylpyridinium salts 4 containing nonnucleophilic anions X- such as CF3SO3-, FSO3-, and BF4- can be generated quantitatively and in situ from 1-acyl-4-alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines 1a-f and the corresponding acid, HX. The BF4- salts reveal an interesting and unexpected thermal instability which allows the convenient synthesis of carboxylic acid fluorides 5b-f. This procedure offers advantages over known methods: All operations can be performed in a standard glass apparatus and do not require high pressures. The formation of RCOF 5 is assisted by the pyridine moiety of 4, which splits off and functions as a Lewis base to intercept the BF3 acid. The structural and electronic relationships as well as dominating differences between the very reactive cations of 4 and their almost “inert” uncharged precursors, the dihydropyridines 1, are discussed both on the fundament of experimental evidence (X-ray structures of 1f and the extremely reactive and very labile 4f) and theoretical investigations (ab initio and DFT MO calculations).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: 4H-Imidazoles ; Lithium-Imidazole complex ; Regioselective acylation ; Quantum-mechanical calculation ; Acyl rearrangements ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The deprotonation of the 4H-imidazoles 1 by lithium hydride yields the lithiated derivatives 2 which contain a stable delocalized anion. Surprisingly, the X-ray crystal structure analysis of 2a reveals one molecule of water in the first complexation sphere of the lithium cation. This result is in good agreement with semiempirical calculations (PM3) which predict an increase in stability on substitution of ether ligands by water molecules. The deprotonation of 1 is accompanied by a change of colour from orange to purple because of the polymethinic character of the resulting anion. Alkylation, as well as acylation, of2 leads to the exocyclic substituted derivatives 3 and 5. The NMR spectra of 3 and 5 and the semiempirical calculations suggest the existence of two rotamers due to the low rotation barrier of the exocyclic C-N bond. Another type of acylation is observed when phenylacetyl chloride is used as an acylating agent. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 6c reveals that a rearrangement forming an unsaturated acid amide substructure takes place.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Aza Diels-Alder reaction ; Calculations, ab initio, semiempirical ; Transition structure ; 1-Aza-1,3-butadiene ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transition structures of the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of (E)- and (Z)-1-aza-1,3-butadiene (8 and 11) were studied by means of ab initio (UHF/6-31+G* and RHF/6-31+G*) and semiempirical (AM1, PM3) methods. The energy surface of the title reaction was calculated with AM1/CI. Two competing reaction channels exist, a concerted and a two-step path. All methods used show a preference for the two-step mechanism in agreement with experimental observations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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