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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkung topischer Kortikosteroide und topischer Antihistaminika auf das Flimmerepithel humaner Nasenschleimhaut in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    HNO 46 (1998), S. 146-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Topische Kortikosteroide ; Topische Antihistaminika ; Flimmerzellen ; Flimmerschlagfrequenz ; Benzalkoniumchlorid ; Budesonid ; Flutcasonpropionat ; Azelastin ; Levocabastin ; Key words Topical corticosteroids ; Topical antihistamines ; Benzalkonium chloride preservative ; Ciliary beat frequency ; Ciliated cells ; Budesonide ; Fluticasone propinate ; Azelastine ; Levocabastine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A normal ciliary beat frequency of ciliated cells is necessary for the mucociliary clearance of the nose and paranasal sinuses. An in vitro investigation was performed to eval-uate the influence of topical corticosteroids and antihistamines on the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal mucosa. The nasal sprays examined contained the corticosteroids budesonide or fluticasone propionate and the topical antihistamines azelastine or levocabastine. All tests were performed on cell cultures of human nasal mucosa during constant conditions. Three of the four nasal sprays tested contained benzalkonium chloride as preservative. An irreversible cessation of ciliary movement was observed in all cells exposed to nasal sprays containing benzalkonium chloride in a 50 per cent solution. The nasal spray containing budesonide was benzalkonium chloride-free and caused minor but fully reversible decreases in ciliary beat frequency after 20 min. As benzalkonium chloride can cause complete standstill of ciliary beat frequency in vitro in human nasal mucosa, we recommend that this preservative should not be used anymore in topical nasal medications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für eine ungestörte mucociliäre Clearence der Nase und Nasennebenhöhlen ist ein koordinierter Flimmerschlag zilientragender Zellen der Nasenschleimhaut notwendig. Untersucht wurde die Wirkung topischer Kortikosteroide und topischer Antihistaminika auf die Flimmerschlagfrequenz humaner Nasenschleimhaut in vitro. Die 4 getesteten Nasensprays enthielten als Wirksubstanz die Kortikosteroide Budesonid und Fluticasonpropionat bzw. die Antihistaminika Levocabastin und Azelastin. Die Experimente wurden unter konstanten und standardisierten Bedingungen an humanen Zellkulturen durchgeführt; 3 der 4 untersuchten Nasensprays enthielten Benzalkoniumchlorid als Konservierungsmittel. Die Messungen ergaben einen irreversiblen Stillstand der Zilien durch Benzalkoniumchlorid haltige Nasensprays in einer Verdünnung 1:1 mit Tyrodelösung. Der Budesonid enthaltende Nasenspray, der als einziger der 4 getesteten Nasensprays Benzalkoniumchlorid frei ist, führte nur zu geringer, nach 20 min voll reversibler Beeinflußung des Flimmerschlags. Da Benzalkoniumchlorid in vitro den Flimmerschlag bis zum irreversiblen Stillstand hemmen kann, sollte die Substanz nicht mehr als Konservierungsmittel in Lokalthera-peutika für die Nase verwendet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birth of Healthy Children After Preimplantation Diagnosis of Thalassemias (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 16 (1999), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: preimplantation genetic diagnosis ; thalassemia ; multiplex nested PCR ; allele dropout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows couples at risk of having children with thalassemia to ensure the healthy outcome of their pregnancy. Methods: Seventeen PGD clinical cycles were initiated for Cypriot couples at risk of having children with different thalassemia mutations, including IVS1-110, IVSI-6, and IVSII-745. Unaffected embryos for transfer were selected by testing oocytes, using first and second polar body (PB) removal and nested polymerase chain reaction analysis followed by restriction digestion. Results: Unaffected embryos were selected in 16 of 17 PGD cycles. Of 166 oocytes studied from these cycles, 110 were analyzed by sequential analysis of both the first and the second PB, resulting in preselection and transfer of 45 unaffected embryos. This resulted in seven pregnancies and in the birth of five healthy thalassemia-free children. The embryos predicted to have inherited the affected allele were not transferred. Analysis of these embryos confirmed the PB diagnosis. Conclusions: Sequential first and second PB testing of oocytes is reliable for PGD of thalassemia and is a feasible alternative to prenatal diagnosis in high-risk populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020316924064
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preimplantation Diagnosis of Thalassemias (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 15 (1998), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: preimplantation genetic diagnosis ; multiplex PCR ; thalassemia ; polymorphic markers ; β-globin gene ; allele dropout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an important option for couples at risk of having children with β-globin mutations to avoid selective abortions of affected fetuses following prenatal diagnosis. Methods: We performed PGD for thalassemia in 12 clinical cycles (IVS1-110, and IVS-745 mutations) using biopsy of the first and second polar bodies (PBs) extruded from oocytes during maturation and fertilization, coupled with nested polymerase chain reaction analysis and restriction digestion. Results: A total of 118 oocytes was obtained, of which 78 had results for both the first and the second PBs. This resulted in the selection and transfer of 30 unaffected embryos (2.5 embryos per cycle). To avoid a possible misdiagnosis due to allele dropout (ADO), we have also introduced simultaneous detection of two highly polymorphic linked markers, a short tandem repeat immediately at the 5′ end of the globin gene and HUMTH01 which is a syntenic short tandem repeat. The application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction of the β-globin gene and linked polymorphic markers enabled detection of ADO in five first PBs, thus avoiding the transfer of potentially affected embryos resulting from their corresponding oocytes. Conclusions: Confirmation studies of the embryos resulting from the oocytes predicted to contain an affected gene confirmed the diagnosis in 98% of the cases, thus demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of PB PGD of thalassemia mutations. The application of PB analysis in six patients resulted in two ongoing pregnancies with a thalassemia-free fetus already confirmed in both of them by prenatal diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022571822585
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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