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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1)
  • Classification  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 1112-1118 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Phospholipase A2 ; Distribution ; Classification ; Diagnostic use ; Physiology. ; Schlüsselwörter: Phospholipase A2 ; Verteilung ; Klassifikation ; diagnostische Wertigkeit ; Physiologie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Gruppe der Phospholipasen A2 (PLA2) umfaßt sekretorische und intracelluläre Enzyme, die Phospholipide spalten und eine physiologische Funktion bei Entzündungsprozessen sowie der Verdauung wahrnimmt. Beim Menschen wird die Gruppe der sekretorischen, niedermolekularen PLA2 (sPLA2) von der Gruppe der cytosolischen, höhermolekularen PLA2 (cPLA2) unterschieden. Die beiden bekannten cPLA2 steuern die intracelluläre Reaktion auf einen Entzündungsreiz, indem sie Arachidonsäure aus Membranphospholipiden freisetzen. Die pankreatische sekretorische PLA2 (sPLA2-I) ist ein Verdauungsenzym, das als inaktives Zymogen von den Acinuszellen des Pankreas sezerniert wird. Bei der akuten Pankreatitis zeigt die zirkulierende, aber katalytisch inaktive sPLA2-I das Ausmaß der Pankreasschädigung an. Die sPLA2-II ist bei verschiedenen entzündlichen Erkrankungen und Infektionen, nach operativen Eingriffen oder schweren Traumen erhöht. Sie vermittelt die schwere systemische Entzündungsreaktion und ist an der Ausbildung schwerer Komplikationen beteiligt, indem sie die Bildung von Leukotrienen, Prostaglandinen und Plättchen-Aggregations-Faktor reguliert. Höchste sPLA2-II-Werte im Serum finden sich bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Eine diagnostische Bedeutung kommt der sPLA2-II zu, da sie als früher Marker die schwere systemische Entzündungsreaktion und drohende Organkomplikationen anzeigt.
    Notes: Summary. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a group of secretory as well as intracellular enzymes that release phopsholipides as an early step in inflammation and play a physiologic role in digestion. In humans, the group of secretory, low-molecular-weight PLA2 (sPLA2) is differentiated from the cytosolic, high-molecular-weight PLA2 (cPLA2). The two known cPLA2 mediate the intracellular response to inflammation by releasing arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Secretory pancreatic PLA2 (sPLA2-I) is a digestive zymogen secreted from pancreatic acinar cells in its inactive form. Activated by trypsin in the duodenum, it is an important digestive enzyme. In acute pancreatitis, circulating sPLA2-I indicates pancreatic injury but is mostly inactive. Synovial-type secretory PLA2 (sPLA2-II), first isolated from synovial fluid of arthritis patients, is increased in inflammation, after surgery or trauma, and in various inflammatory diseases. Unlike sPLA2-I, its catalytic activity is held responsible for mediating the systemic inflammatory reaction and its complications by regulating the synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor. Clinically, sPLA2-II offers new possibilities as an early marker for severe inflammation and predicting systemic complications in severely ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 562-567 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: tissue engineering ; synthetic biodegradable matrix ; polyglycolic acid ; polylactic acid ; endothelial cell ; heart valve ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tissue engineered lamb heart valve leaflets (N - 3) were constructed by repeatedly seeding a concentrated suspension of autologous myofibroblasts onto a biodegradable synthetic polymeric scaffold composed of fibers made from polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid. Over a 2-week period the cells attached to the polymer fibers, multiplied, and formed a tissue core in the shape of the matrix. The tissue core was seeded with autologous large-vessel endothelial cells that formed a monolayer which coated the outer surface of the leaflet. The tissue engineered leaflets were surgically implanted in place of the right posterior pulmonary valve leaflet of the donor lamb while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Pulmonary valve function was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography with color Doppler which demonstrated valve function without evidence of stenosis and with only trivial regurgitation under normal physiologic conditions. Histologically, the tissue engineered heart valve leaflets resembled native valve leaflet tissue. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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