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Heterogeneity and the voluntary provision of public goods (1999)

Chan, Kenneth S. ; Mestelman, Stuart ; Moir, Robert ; [et al.]

Springer

Experimental economics 2 (1999), S. 5-30

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ISSN: 1573-6938

Keywords: public goods ; voluntary provision ; heterogeneous agents ; H41 ; C92

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Abstract We investigate the effects of heterogeneity and incomplete information on aggregate contributions to a public good using the voluntary contribution mechanism. The non-linear laboratory environment has three-person groups as partners under varying conditions of information and communication. Bergstrom, Blum and Varian predict that increasing heterogeneity will have no effect on aggregate contributions in a no-communication environment. Ledyard conjectures a positive effect of incomplete information, a negative effect of heterogeneity, and a positive interaction of heterogeneity and incomplete information. We find that incomplete information has a small but significantnegative effect. Heterogeneity has apositive effect on aggregate contributions, but its effects interact unexpectedly with communication. In a no-communication environment, heterogeneity in two dimensions (endowment and preferences) increases contributions substantially while heterogeneity in a single dimension (endowment or preferences) has little effect. In the communication environment we find the reverse. We also find a positive interaction between heterogeneity and incomplete information. Thus we reject the Bergstrom, Blume and Varian invariance result and provide mixed evidence on Ledyard's conjectures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01669132

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Relationship between structure and rheological properties in the melt of polymers containing spherical inclusions (1995)

Bardollet, P. ; Bousmina, M. ; Muller, R.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 301-308

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ISSN: 1042-7147

Keywords: polymer blends ; melt rheology ; crosslinked rubber ; structured latex ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: The linear viscoelastic behavior of model rubbertoughened polymer melts has been studied. The most significant influence of the dispersed crosslinked rubber phase on the melt rheology of the blends is the existence of a secondary plateau for the storage modulus G′ at low frequencies. This behavior was ascribed to a percolation phenomenon, leading to the formation of a threedimensional network of inclusions, and contributing to the elasticity at low frequencies of the blend. Two different systems were investigated: (a) a polystyrene matrix with crosslinked and structured latex particles and (b) silicon oil matrices with homogeneous crosslinked PMMA particles. An initial shearing history was found to influence the dynamic mechanical properties of the molten blends and in particular to lower the lowfrequency plateau value for G′. During a subsequent annealing, the plateau modulus increases again. These results are in agreement with the assumption of a particle network.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.