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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double dissociation between the effects of muscarinic antagonists and benzodiazepine receptor agonists on the acquisition and retention of passive avoidance (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 118 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Passive avoidance ; Learning ; Memory Scopolamine ; Atropine ; Diazepam ; Lorazepam Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Both muscarinic antagonists, such as scopolamine, and benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) agonists, such as diazepam, produce a reliable impairment in the performance of one trial passive avoidance. Such deficits are frequently interpreted as drug-induced amnesia. However, these deficits could also result from a learning impairment. The present experiments compared the effects of two BZR agonists, lorazepam (0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375 mg/kg, IP) and diazepam (0, 0.78, 1.56, and 3.13 mg/kg, IP) with the effects of two muscarinic antagonists, scopolamine (0, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/kg, SC) and atropine (0, 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg, IP) on a multiple trial passive avoidance task. In this procedure, the rats were trained with a 5-min inter-trial interval until a learning criterion was achieved. Retention was assessed 24 h later. This enabled the effects of the drugs on the acquisition and the retention of a passive avoidance response to be dissociated. Both atropine and scopolamine produced a marked impairment in the acquisition of the passive avoidance response, but did not impair retention. In contrast, diazepam and lorazepam did not alter the acquisition of a passive avoidance response, but did produce a dose-dependent impairment of retention. These results therefore demonstrate a double dissociation between the effects of muscarinic antagonists and BZR agonists on the acquisition and retention of passive avoidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245247
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonists in the elevated plus maze test of anxiety in the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 121 (1995), S. 118-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Plus maze ; Rat ; Benzodiazepine receptor ; DMCM ; FG 7142 ; Yohimbine ; Pentylenetetrazol ; β-Carboline ; Inverse agonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present series of experiments examined the effects of five benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) partial inverse agonists on the behaviour of rats on an elevated plus maze. The drugs were tested in a standard plus maze with 3-cm walls added to the open arms, as this has been shown to increase the sensitivity of the plus maze to anxiogenic-like drug effects (Jones and Cole 1995). The drugs tested were FG 7142 (0–100 mg/kg),β-CCE (0–30 mg/kg), ZK 132 556 (0–100 mg/kg), ZK 90 886 (0–30 mg/kg) and Ro 15–4513 (0–30 mg/kg). In addition, to allow a comparison with previous studies, the effects of three reference substances, DMCM (0–2.5 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 0–30 mg/kg) and yohimbine (0–5 mg/kg), were also examined. These three reference compounds produced a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of open arm exploration and the total number of open arm entries, indicative of anxiogenic-like effects. DMCM produced significant effects at the doses of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, PTZ at 30 mg/kg, and yohimbine at 5 mg/kg. The BZR partial inverse agonist FG 7142 (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) also reduced the duration of open arm exploration and the total number of arm entries. The minimally effective dose resulted in a receptor occupancy of approximately 80%. Ro 15–4513 also produced anxiogenic-like effects, but only at a dose (30 mg/kg) that resulted in a receptor occupancy of approximately 95%. In contrast, the other BZR partial inverse agonists, ZK 132 553 and ZK 90 886, did not significantly reduce the duration of open arm exploration, even at doses that produced greater than 95% receptor occupancies.β-CCE also did not reduce open arm exploration at any dose tested (0–30 mg/kg). The GABA shift, a biochemical index of intrinsic activity, indicates that these latter three compounds are more inverse agonistic than Ro 15–4513. In summary, these results demonstrate that not all BZR receptor partial inverse agonists have anxiogenic-like activity in the rat plus maze, and that the GABA shift, a biochemical index of intrinsic efficacy, does not predict which BZR partial inverse agonists are anxiogenic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245598
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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