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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confidence level and feeling of knowing for episodic and semantic memory: an investigation of lorazepam effects on metamemory (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 138 (1998), S. 318-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Benzodiazepines ; Lorazepam ; Memory ; Metamemory ; Confidence level ; Feeling of knowing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of lorazepam (0.026 or 0.038 mg/kg), a benzodiazepine, and of a placebo on metamemory, i.e. knowledge about one’s own memory capabilities, were investigated in 36 healthy volunteers. Accuracy of confidence levels (CL) in the correctness of recalled answers and accuracy of feeling of knowing (FOK) the answers when recall fails were measured using a sentence memory task assessing episodic memory and a task consisting of general information questions and assessing semantic memory. Lorazepam impaired episodic memory. Unexpectedly, it also impaired performance in both the recall and recognition phases of the task assessing semantic memory, suggesting that it decreased the ability to distinguish between correct and incorrect information. In episodic memory, lorazepam 0.038 mg/kg-treated subjects exhibited an impaired CL accuracy, compared to placebo-treated subjects, and their FOK accuracy was at chance. In semantic memory, their overall CL and FOK accuracy was apparently spared. However, these subjects selectively overestimated their CL judgements for incorrect answers; moreover, secondary analyses showed that FOK accuracy for a subset of low-accuracy items was virtually nil. These results suggest that lorazepam impairs metamemory for both episodic and semantic memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050677
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of haloperidol and amisulpride on motor and cognitive skill learning in healthy volunteers (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 131 (1997), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Haloperidol ; Amisulpride ; Human ; Cognitive ; Motor ; Skill learning ; Memory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of a typical neuroleptic, haloperidol (1 and 2 mg orally), of an atypical neuroleptic, amisulpride (50 and 100 mg) and of a placebo on motor and cognitive skill learning were assessed in 60 healthy volunteers using repeated testing on the Tower of Toronto puzzle. Subjects were asked to solve three blocks of eight trials and, at distance from drug administration, a fourth block. The puzzle was connected to a computer in order to obtain a precise timing of individual moves. Two components of cognitive skill learning were assessed, the ability to learn to solve the puzzle and the acquisition of a problem-solving routine. Subjective feelings of effort and automatisation of the task were assessed using a questionnaire. Like placebo-treated subjects, neuroleptic-treated subjects were able to acquire a motor skill, to learn to solve the puzzle and to acquire a routine. However, haloperidol 2 mg-treated subjects needed significantly more moves to solve the puzzle in blocks 3 and 4, some of them having routinised a non-optimal solution. A significant cognitive slowing was observed in the haloperidol 1mg group in block 4. The performance pattern and verbal reports suggested that haloperidol impaired the higher cognitive functions such as the ability to shift from one strategy to another and/or to assess one’s performance accurately, possibly leading to the development of compensatory strategies. The only deleterious amisulpride effect was a cognitive slowing in block 4, which was observed in the lower dose group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050300
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic study of thermal behavior and combustion performance of epoxy resins: I homopolymerized TGDDM (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: epoxy resin ; homopolymerization ; thermal decomposition ; combustion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) undergoes homopolymerization on heating. Intramolecular reactions which compete with crosslinking favor the formation of cyclic structures with increasing thermal and fire resistance of the resin, whereas physical mechanical properties tend to decrease.The mechanism of thermal decomposition of TGDDM is studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal volatilization analysis with characterization of volatiles evolved and residue left. Thermal degradation of poly-(TGDDM) starts at 260°C with elimination of water from secondary alcoholic groups which is a typical pathway for epoxy resin degradation. Resulting unsaturations weaken bonds in the β-position and provoke the first chain breaking at allyl-amine and allyl-either bonds. With increasing temperature, saturated alkyl-ether bonds and alkyl carbon-carbon bonds are broken first, followed by the most stable alkyl-aryl bonds at T〉365°C. The combustion performance of TGDDM is discussed on the basis of the thermal degradation behavior.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060201
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxy resins cured with aminophenylmethylphosphine oxide 1: Combustion performance (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 823-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: epoxy resin ; phosphorylated hardener ; combusion ; fire retardancy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The kinetics of curing tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) or of the mixture TGDDM/diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) by bis(m-aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide (BAMPO) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. At low advancement of curing (〈50%), the low activation energy interaction between epoxy and amino groups seems to be controlled by diffusion, whereas above 50% the role of homopolymerization tends to increase and the process becomes chemically controlled.BAMPO shows a higher fire-retardant effectiveness in the mixture TGDDM/DGEBA than in TGDDM or DGEBA alone, for which the oxygen and nitrous oxide index tests suggest a condensed phase or a gas phase fire-retardant action depending on phosphorus content. An intumescent char is formed on the surface of burning fire-retarded specimens which tends, however, to be oxidized, thus reducing the fire-proofing effect at high BAMPO content.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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