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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endochitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes are developmentally regulated during somatic embryogenesis inPicea glauca (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 201 (1997), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Endochitinase ; Fungal elicitation ; β-1,3-Glucanase ; Picea glauca ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNAs isolated from white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] somatic embryos, are predicted to encode a basic class IV chitinase and a β-1,3-glucanase, respectively corresponding to genesPgChi-1 andPgGlu-1. Each represents a multigene family in spruce. Transcripts homologous toPgChi-1 orPgGlu-1 genes were highly abundant in embryogenic tissues and gradually decreased after tissues were placed on abscisic acid-containing maturation medium, with lowest abundance in globular embryos. Transcripts related toPgGlu-1 became highly abundant again in early cotyledonary embryos but decreased thereafter, whereas transcripts related toPgChi-1 were also highly abundant in late cotyledonary embryos and plantlets in vitro; transcripts were either low (PgChi-1) or were not detectable (PgGlu-1) in needles. Wounding, drying and flooding stresses enhancedPgChi-1-andPgGlu-1-related gene expression. Fungal cell wall suspension enhancedPgGlu-1-related transcript accumulation, but reducedPgChi-1-related transcript abundance within 24 h.PgChi-1 andPgGlu-1 and their homologues may have roles in plant defense, and possibly developmental roles during spruce somatic embryo maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of abundant mRNAs during somatic embryogenesis of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 459-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Embryo abundant gene ; Gene expression ; Polyethylene glycol ; Picea ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogenic tissues of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] remain in an early developmental stage while cultured on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and N6-benzyladenine, but develop to cotyledonary embryos when these phytohormones are replaced by abscisic acid. Twenty-eight cDNAs were isolated from cotyledonary embryos by differential screening against immature embryo and non-embryonic tissues. Temporal expression patterns of these cDNAs during ABA-stimulated somatic embryo development were observed. This showed that clones could be allocated to various groups, including embryo-abundant, embryo-maturation-induced, and those whose expression was modulated during embryo development, germination or in non-embryogenic tissues. Expression corresponding to these cDNA clones showed that there were various responses to exogenous ABA or polyethylene glycol during a period of 48 h. Analyses of DNA and predicted amino acid sequence revealed that 12 of 28 cDNA clones had no known homologues, while others were predicted to encode different late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins, early methionine-labelled proteins, storage proteins, heat-shock proteins, glycine-rich cell wall protein, metallothionein-like protein and some other metabolic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195740
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of three heat-shock-protein genes and their developmental regulation during somatic embryogenesis in white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 200 (1996), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Gene expression ; Heat shock protein ; Picea ; Polyethylene glycol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three cDNAs (PgEMB22, 27 and 29) predicted to encode low-molecular-weight (LMW) heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were cloned and characterized from white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] somatic embryo tissues by differentially screening a cotyledonary embryo cDNA library. Clone PgEMB22 is predicted to encode a putative mitochondria-localized LMW HSP, and PgEMB27 and 29 are predicted to encode different cytoplasmic class II LMW HSPs, although they share 84.7% identity within DNA coding regions and 83.0% identity for predicted proteins. They are developmentally regulated during somatic embryo development and subsequent embryo germination, in addition they show strong response to heat-shock stress. Transcripts of the two kinds of hsp genes could be detected in embryogenic tissues before induction of embryo maturation, but subsequently increased, being most abundant at late embryo stages. Gene expression levels were very low or not detectable in germinated plantlets or needle tissues from older plants. Abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol, stimulators for spruce embryo maturation, could also induce the hsp genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196653
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts of ocean CO2 disposal on marine life: II. Probabilistic plume exposure model used with a time‐varying dose‐response analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 2 (1997), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; plume ; pH ; random walk ; diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A method to evaluate aquatic mortality given a pollutant distribution is presented and applied to several sample low pH plumes representing various ocean CO2 disposal schemes. The method is an improvement over current analysis because it integrates the mortality due to time‐varying exposure to low pH with the probabilistic experiences of passive organisms subject to turbulent lateral diffusion as they pass through the plume. For the examples presented, the plume was discretized laterally into lanes and longitudinally by time steps, and a random walk model accounting for the scale‐dependent nature of relative diffusion was used to simulate the organism pathways over one time step. From these simulations, the probability that an organism will be in a given lane, $$\dot \jmath $$ , one time step after it starts from an initial lane, $$i$$ , was determined for all combinations of $$i$$ and $$\dot \jmath $$ . These probabilities were used to find the number of organisms following each of the possible pathways, and the mortality to the organisms due to their time varying exposure to low pH was determined by using the toxicity model described in part I of this paper. The integrated method allows the impact of the plume to be described in terms of total organism mortality as well as spatial deficit of organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019081915826
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts of ocean CO2 disposal on marine life: I. A toxicological assessment integrating constant‐concentration laboratory assay data with variable‐concentration field exposure (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 2 (1997), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; sequestration ; plume ; pH ; toxicity ; zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Feasibility studies suggest that the concept of capturing CO2 from fossil fuel power plants and discharging it to the deep ocean could help reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the local reduction in seawater pH near the point of injection is a potential environmental impact. Data from the literature reporting on toxicity of reduced pH to marine organisms potentially affected by such a plume were combined into a model expressing mortality as a function of pH and exposure time. Since organisms exposed to real plumes would experience a time‐varying pH, methods to account for a variable exposure were reviewed and a new method developed based on the concept of isomortality. In part II of this paper, the method is combined with a random‐walk model describing the transport of passive organisms through a low pH plume leading to a Monte‐Carlo‐like risk assessment which is applied to several candidate CO2 injection scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019029931755
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer constants from complete molecular weight distributions (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 663-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021980237
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer constants from complete molecular weight distributions (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 403-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transfer constants to chain-transfer agent (CTA) and to monomer can be obtained by consideration of the complete molecular weight distribution, using the slope of a plot of the natural logarithm of number-molecular weight distribution against molecular weight, in the limit of high molecular weight and low radical flux (P. A. Clay, R. G. Gilbert, Macromolecules 28, 552 (1995)). This method is applied to the bulk polymerisations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with added triethylamine (TEA) and with added tert-dodecylmercaptan (mixture of 2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-2-thiol and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-4-thiol, TDM). The transfer rate coefficients are found to be 74 (±20) dm3 · mol- · s-l at 60°C for TEA, and 56 (±13) dm3 · mol-1 · s-1 at 25°C for TDM.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021970131
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