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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic characterisation of fifteen atrazine-degrading microbial communities (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: atrazine; Biolog; community; biodegradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fifteen atrazine-degrading microbial communities obtained from different sources were able to degrade atrazine in a liquid mineral medium as the main organic substrate at high rates (atrazine half-lives ranging from 20 to 164 h). Hydroxyatrazine was the sole metabolite detected. This metabolite was always transient but its maximum level varied from 4 to 67% of the parent compound. Communities originating from subsurface sediments degraded atrazine at similar rates (half-lives between 56 and 62 h). A Biolog characterisation revealed a wide diversity of substrate utilisation by the communities originating either from the surface or the subsurface environments. Twenty-four Biolog carbon sources were degraded by the fifteen communities. A multiple regression analysis established a statistically significant relationship between the atrazine DT50 values of thirteen communities and their responses to four Biolog carbon sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900583
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous degradation of mixtures of 4-nitrobenzoate and 4-aminobenzoate by immobilized cells of Burkholderia cepacia strain PB4 (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 440-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Although isolated on 4-aminobenzoate, Burkholderia cepacia strain PB4 is also able to grow on 4-nitrobenzoate. Degradation of an equimolar mixture of the nitroaromatic compound 4-nitrobenzoate and its corresponding aminoaromatic derivative 4-aminobenzoate by this strain was investigated. Batch experiments showed that, irrespective of preculturing conditions, both compounds were degraded simultaneously. The mixture-degrading ability of B. cepacia strain PB4 was subsequently tested in continuous packed bed reactors (PBR) with the strain immobilized on Celite grade R-633 or R-635. Higher degradation rates were achieved with the larger particles of Celite R-635. Maximum simultaneous degradation rates per liter of packed bed of 0.925 mmol l−1 h−1 4-nitrobenzoate and 4-aminobenzoate were obtained for an applied loading rate of the same value (0.925 mmol l−1 h−1 of each compound). Even when the applied load was not removed in its entirety, neither of the two compounds was degraded preferentially but a percentage of both of them was mineralized. The present study shows the possibility for a pure strain to biodegrade not only a nitroaromatic compound (4-nitrobenzoate) but also its corresponding amino derivative (4-aminobenzoate) continuously and simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051544
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of nitrobenzene by its simultaneous reduction into aniline and mineralization of the aniline formed (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract By mixing through a three-reactor system a nitroreducing consortium and an aniline-degrading Comamonas acidovorans, a mixed population was formed which was able to mineralize the nitroaromatic compound nitrobenzene via aniline, its corresponding aminoaromatic compound. The behavior of the mixed population was characterized in batch culture. In the first step, nitrobenzene was reduced to aniline by the reductive consortium and, in the second, oxidative step, aniline was mineralized via catechol and meta cleavage. Even though these two steps may seem incompatible in terms of required redox conditions, they were made to coexist in a single, simple reactor. However, when aeration was optimum for growth, only 16% of the 0.5 mM nitrobenzene introduced was mineralized. Decreasing the aeration led to an increase in the amount of nitrobenzene reduced and decreased its volatilized fraction. A decrease in aeration did not slow down aniline mineralization, although the latter is catalyzed by dioxygenases. This mixed population is thus able to remediate nitrobenzene and also aniline, which is often found with the former in the environment. Using C. acidovorans, which also degrades methylanilines, or other aminoaromatic-compound-degrading organisms, this strategy should be applicable to mineralizing more complex nitroaromatic compounds, like nitrotoluenes or dinitrotoluenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051180
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of the inhibitory effect of surfactants upon germination and growth of a consortium of two strains of Bacillus (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 370-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Anionic, cationic, amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants inhibited spore germination and subsequent growth of a mixture of two Bacillus strains at surfactant concentrations ranging from 1 ppm to 50 ppm. Germination appeared to be more affected than cell growth by the presence of surfactants, the inhibitory thresholds being largely increased when media were inoculated with vegetative cells. The bacterial species forming the consortium were incapable of growing on liquid and agar-solidified media prepared with non-diluted domestic wastewater. Addition of hydrolases (protease, cellulase, α-amylase and lipase) to the wastewater medium allowed the germination of spores and their vegetative growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-rate continuous biodegradation of concentrated chlorinated aliphatics by a durable enrichment of methanogenic origin under carrier-dependent conditionsDedicated to the memory of Jean-Baptiste Boucquey (1970-1994). (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 298-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: anaerobic biodegradation ; polychlorinated aliphatics ; acclimation ; enrichment ; polyurethaneactivated carbon carrier ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The simultaneous biodegradation of toxic compounds in mixtures is a major current concern. To bioremediate a toxic mixture, we designed a strategy combining an ad-sorbent carrier with an ecological and nutritional system which allowed work close to heavily polluted conditions in nature. Starting from a methanogenic community, we developed a microbial consortium acclimated to a mixture of about 30 chlorinated aliphatics in a fixed-film stationary-bed bioreactor. Prior to the establishment of a durable period of dechlorination, an interval of progressive dechlorination of the toxic mixture was observed during which the excess of the toxic compounds was stored on the carrier. The latter, consisting of activated carbon in a polyurethane foam, allowed us to work at concentrations far above the solubility of the toxic compounds (apparent concentrations of about 10 g/L). The complete disappearance of hexachloroethane as well as its lower homologues, penta-, tetra-, and trichloroethane, present in the toxic mixture, was observed. Additionally, octachlorocyclopentene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloro-ethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and hexachloro-1,3-butadiene also completely disappeared. For the four latter compounds, from mass balances in the bioreactor, degradation rates around 10 μmol/L per day were determined with total dechlorination. The enrichment culture thus developed exhibited high degradation performances similar to those reported in the literature for pure or enriched anaerobic microbial cultures in contact with a single toxic compound. The results demonstrate the possibility of concurrent high-rate degradation of several highly chlorinated toxic compounds, under conditions approximating field situations.© 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470304
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