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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Porosity on the Erosive Wear of Liquid-Phase-Sintered Alumina Ceramics (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The erosive wear susceptibility of porous and near-fully-dense liquid-phase-sintered (LPS) alumina ceramics has been studied from dry particle impact testing. Results show that the wear rates remained relatively constant with increasing porosity to a level above which the wear degradation was accelerated markedly. Microscopic observations indicate evidence of scratching and inelastic deformation in the erosion sites of the most porous structures, while brittle fracture and grain dislodgment dominated the material removal processes in the dense material. Implications of the erosion response in the LPS aluminas are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02054.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Minor Crystalline Phases in Alumina Ceramics Using Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of synchrotron radiation diffraction (SRD) in con-junction with conventional laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) for analyzing the phase assemblage of selected alu-mina-based ceramics is described. This paper outlines the benefits of synchrotron powder diffraction in resolving mi-norand impurity phases in various alumina ceramics. Laboratory XRD is shown to provide only cursory details of minor crystalline phases which are strikingly evident and clearly defined from application of SRD analysis. The po-tential of SRD techniques to characterize low-level crystal-line phases and as a check for “phase purity” in ceramic systems is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03216.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of the optical mode of waveguiding devices by scanning near-field optical microscopy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4339-4344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning optical microscopy with uncoated dielectric silica probe is used in the near field to investigate the propagation of optical modes along tapered integrated semiconductor optical amplifier devices and at larger working distances to study the electromagnetic intensity profile in the focal plane of various microlensed fibers. We show how this technique provides images of the mode structure of optoelectronic devices and profiled optical fibers with typical sizes in the range 2–10 μm, with an accuracy of 0.2 μm in beamwaist measurements. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359838
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging flaws in magnetically permeable structures using the truncated generalized inverse on leakage fields (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 5899-5906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to image the magnetic source distribution inside a flawed magnetically permeable structure, the truncated generalized inverse and singular value decomposition were used. These techniques were applied to the magnetic flux leakage generated when the structure is magnetized. The leakage field from different flaw shapes was simulated by placing magnetic dipoles at the boundary surfaces, which reduces the flux density in the flawed structure. A criterion to establish the generalized inverse truncation index is proposed, by using the two-dimensional correlation coefficient between the original image and the reconstructed image. Others aspects such as the measurement signal-to-noise ratio, and density of the model source distribution are also discussed. This imaging technique was successfully applied to a number of different model flaw sources. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366490
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p-i-n-i-p photodetector proposal and integration with waveguides (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 605-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a photodiode configuration suited for waveguide integration, and top and side illumination. This configuration based on a pair of p-i-n photodiodes, laid out alongside of one another, requires only one metallization type, and therefore, reduces the number of technological steps. A waveguide–photodiode integration illustrates this photodetector concept. The single heterostructure waveguide integrated evanescently with this p-i-n-i-p photodetector exhibits a 19 GHz bandwidth, as a result of the very low (30 fF) capacitance of a 20 μm long detector. Related to its symmetrical features, this p-i-n-i-p photodetector is a means to improve fabrication yield of integrated optoelectronic devices. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117921
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of Alumina-Spodumene Ceramics to Thermal Shock (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A processing strategy is presented for obtaining alumina-spodumene ceramics with controlled microstructures from a new, low-cost alumina powder and spodumene (Li2OAl2O3·4SiO2) mineral, both being produced in Western Australia. The addition of 15 wt%β-spodumene to alumina is used to produce ceramics with (i) high thermal expansion mismatch and (ii) a glassy phase to aid in liquid-phase sintering. Specifically, the effects of spodumene addition and grain size on tolerance to thermal shock are addressed. The thermal shock resistance of the alumina-spodumene ceramics is evaluated by water quenching and subsequent three-point bend testing of strength diminution. Comparisons are made with results from parallel experiments conducted using a pure monolithic alumina ceramic. The reference alumina shows the expected substantial strength losses when thermally quenched from ∼200°C above room temperature. By contrast, the alumina-spodumene ceramics, while displaying reduced strength relative to the reference aluminas, exhibit minimal strength degradation under severe thermal shock conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01841.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hertzian Contact Damage in Porous Alumina Ceramics (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of Hertzian contact damage in porous and dense liquid-phase-sintered aluminas. Indentation stressstrain curves show increasing nonlinearity as the materials become more porous, illustrating an increasing component of “quasi-plasticity” in the contact damage. Observations of the surface and subsurface damage patterns using a bonded-interface sectioning technique reveal a transition in the Hertzian damage process, from classical tension-driven cone cracks in the high-density material, to distributed shear- and compression-driven subsurface damage and deformation in the porous materials. Strength tests on specimens subjected to cyclic indentations reveal a substantially higher susceptibility to fatigue in the most porous structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02940.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 607-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We start with the basic assumption that an image, I(x,y), can be represented in terms of a linear superposition of (not necessarily orthogonal) basis functions, fa(x,y): I(x,y) - aifa(x,y) (1) The image code is determined by the choice of basis functions, fa. The coefficients, ai9 are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381607a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of immunophenotypic and genotypic analyses to the diagnosis of acute leukemia (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute leukemia ; Diagnosis ; Immunophenotypic ; Cytogenetics ; Molecular genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnostic accuracy in acute leukemia (AL) can be improved if traditional morphology and cytochemistry are supplemented with immunophenotypic and genotypic analyses. This multiparameter approach is of crucial importance for the management of patients, as it enables the identification of leukemic syndromes with distinct biological features and response to treatment. Immunophenotyping using monoclonal antibodies has been universally accepted as a useful adjunct to morphological criteria. This technique is particularly valuable in diagnosing and subclassifying acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is also essential in certain types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as AML with minimal differentiation or acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cytogenetic findings can be quite helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis and can add information of prognostic significance. A number of specific chromosomal abnormalities have been recognized that are very closely, and sometimes uniquely, associated with morphologically and clinically distinct subsets of leukemia. An even more basic understanding of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells has begun to evolve as molecular biology begins to unravel gene misprogramming by Southern and Northern blot analysis, the polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. With the extensive use of these techniques it has become apparent that a proportion of leukemias exhibit the biologically relevant molecular defect in the absence of a karyotypic equivalent. On the other hand, apparently uniform chromosomal abnormalities such as the t(1;19) (q23;p13), t(9;22) (q33;q11), t(8;14) (q24;q32), or t(15;17) (q21;q21) may differ at the molecular level. Data collected from these modern technologies have introduced a greater complexity, which needs to be taken into consideration to improve both the diagnostic precision and the reproducibility of current classifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01696228
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FISH analysis for CML monitoring ? (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 73 (1996), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words IFN therapy ; CML monitoring ; BCR-ABL ; Philadelphia chromosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Conventional cytogenetics is considered the gold standard for evaluating CML during interferon (IFN) treatment. Drawbacks to this approach are the small number of metaphases available during IFN therapy and the impossibility of scoring interphase cells. We applied, besides cytogenetics, double-color FISH (dc-FISH) detection of BCR-ABL gene fusion to monitor 20 CML patients on IFN. dc-FISH easily detected 200 cells per specimen, while with cytogenetic examination a mean of 16.1 mitoses per sample were scored. Though the correlation of dc-FISH and cytogenetic data was good (r=0.77, p〈0.001), the discrepancy between the two methods as regards the proportion of leukemic cells in the marrow was often important. dc-FISH detected a relevant proportion of BCR-ABL+ cells in three patients classified as complete cytogenetic responders and showed that, after 9–12 months of IFN treatment, a significant reduction of BCR-ABL+ cells was present in all the 20 patients tested. This might suggest that all CML patients are potentially responsive to IFN. Though more data are required, we think that dc-FISH is more informative than cytogenetic analysis for CML monitoring. Notably because of the simplicity of the procedure, this method could be easily standardized among different laboratories, thus permitting cross-comparison in therapeutic trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050211
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