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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-Dimensional Imaging of O2, H2O2, and Glucose Distributions by an Array of 400 Individually Addressable Microelectrodes (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 67 (1995), S. 1164-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00103a005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miniaturized Reference Electrode Based on a Perchlorate-Selective Field Effect Transistor (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 67 (1995), S. 4586-4588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00120a025
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro-chemical sensors based on fiber-optic excitation of surface plasmons (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 119 (1995), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: fiberoptic ; surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy ; fiberoptical immunosensor ; fiberoptical gas sensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the theoretical base and experimental results of a new class of fiber optical supported surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPRS) transducer is given. Surface plasmons were excited by polychromatic light, and the resonant excitation is detected as an intensity minimum in the measured spectra at certain wavelengths. The excitation takes place at the end zone of a multimode fiber coated with a thin surface plasmon resonance supporting metal layer. As examples for the large application field of this transducer a fiber optical immunosensor for the detection of antibodies against bovine serum albumin and a gas sensor for remote detection of tetrachloroethene was constructed and tested successfully. The sensors were constructed following the theoretical predictions for an optimal performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244855
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelectrical micro-calorimetry and microanalysis on free-standing membranes (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 120 (1995), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: microcalorimetry ; thermoelectrical sensor ; thermopile ; membrane ; thin film
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The heat evolution of exothermic reactions and the thermal response to electrical and chemical heating of small volumes of solids and liquids were studied using thermopiles with free-standing thin-film membranes. Therefore, the adapted layout of a miniaturized absolute radiometer was used. The chosen arrangement is marked by the combination of highly sensitive thermopiles with an extreme reduction of parasitic heat capacity in comparison with conventional calorimeters or sensors. The sample is in contact with the free-standing membrane only, so a very small heat flow to the heat sink of the sensor substrate is guaranteed. A thermopile transducer made from 76 bismuth/antimony thin-film thermocouples was used for the measurement of temperature differences between sample and surroundings. Thin-film heaters of copper and silver were integrated into the microsystem. The average thickness of the whole thin-film system is less than 5 μm. Microcalorimetric measurements were carried out in the temperature range 295–373 K, where thermoelectrical transducer signals up to 750 mV were observed. Evaporation, melting, solidification, redox reactions and enzymatic reactions were tested as examples, where a sample quantity in the nmole range was found to be sufficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244441
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality assurance system for a decomposition method as demonstrated for the Wickbold combustion technique (1997)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 2 (1997), S. 332-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality assurance ; Decomposition method ; Wickbold combustion technique ; Uncertainty of results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A five-step model for a quality assurance system is developed for an internal quality control check. It includes the quality control of the decomposition method and the detection method as steps belonging together. The Wickbold combustion technique as decomposition method in combination with atomic absorption spectrometry was chosen. The vaporization of the elements mercury, arsenic, lead, antimony and selenium is based on combustion in an oxyhydrogen flame. To check the efficiency of the analytical system, the uncertainty of results was calculated on the basis of the "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050159
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Need for quality management in research and development (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality management ; Research ; Development ; Scientific fraud
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  There is growing interest in setting up a general concept for quality management and quality control in research and development, which in this case means, for example, research in the fields of medicine and social sciences. This article is a strong plea for a quality management system in all fields of research and development and will probably initiate broad discussion on this delicate topic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050273
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amperometric bi-enzyme based biosensor for the determination of lactose with an extended linear range (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 207 (1998), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Amperometric enzyme sensor ; Lactose determination ; Screen printing ; Extended linear range ; Diffusion barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Amperometric biosensors were developed for the determination of lactose using β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase. The enzymes were co-immobilized under mild conditions in a poly(carbamoyl)sulphonate-hydrogel matrix onto the surface of low-cost-screen-printed platinum working electrodes for the amperometric detection of the enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide which was monitored at +600 mV versus Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl. The basic sensors showed linearity over a concentration range of 0.0035–2 mM (correlation coefficient, r=0.99992). They were used in a batch system to determine the lactose content in milk. As sample pre-treatment, only dilution was necessary. Data for the determination of lactose with the enzyme electrodes were compared to those obtained using a soluble enzyme test kit (the Boehringer Mannheim UV method). The linear range of the sensors could be increased by applying additional membranes to the top of the planar sensor surface. Commercially available polycarbonate membranes with reduced pore densities and pore sizes supplied best results when fixed using double-sided tape. As an alternative approach, an extended linear range could also be accomplished by spray-coating the sensor surface using a water-based polymer dispersion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050349
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid chromatographic isolation of coplanar PCB congeners on an activated carbon stationary phase (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 359 (1997), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A rapid and uncomplicated method for the fractionation of PCBs leading to an isolation of the highly toxic non-ortho substituted PCBs is described. The liquid chromatographic separation was achieved on a stationary phase consisting of activated carbon and Celite 545. Using eluents with different polarity, isolation of the non-ortho substituted PCBs in a single fraction was achieved. The fractions were analysed by GC/MS. The method was tested by the determination of non-ortho substituted PCBs in technical mixtures (Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1242). The results were compared with those obtained by using an HPLC fractionation on a porous graphitic carbon column. Finally, the micro-column fractionation was used for the determination of non-ortho substituted PCBs in native soil samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050568
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concave Hydrocarbons (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1585-1595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: concave hydrocarbons ; cyclophanes ; host/guest chemistry ; ion-selective electrodes ; prismands ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concave hydrocarbons, such as 1 (C36H36), 4 (C60H60), 5 (C54H48), and 6 (C60H52), represent three-dimensionally clamped analogues of π-prismands. They encapsulate small metal ions and accomplish metal-ion extraction from aqueous solution. Their remarkable selectivity allows applications such as incorporation in ion-selective electrodes. The synthetic route is based on well-established cyclophane methodology and, thus, offers a general approach to a whole family of concave hydrocarbons.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19960021218
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix independent supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by employing binary modifiers (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 352 (1995), S. 730-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A universal extraction method has been developed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using supercritical fluids. The method is nearly matrix-independent and therefore applicable to different kinds of matrices with only minor changes. New binary modifiers, containing small amounts (1%) of active additives in organic solvents have been used. In contrast to extractions with neat CO2 or CO2 modified with neat co-solvents, the use of binary modifiers has resulted in significantly higher extraction efficiencies for different kinds of matrices. The applicability of the new modifier-solutions has been shown for three different matrices, a fly ash, a sediment and a sewage sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323056
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