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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Deciduous ; Evergreen ; Nitrogen ; Potassium ; Specific leaf area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study aimed to identify functional correlates of seedling leaf nutrient content among woody species and to characterise functional species groups with respect to leaf nutrient attributes. Seedlings of 81 woody species from the temperate zone of western Europe were grown in a standard laboratory environment with standard, near-optimal nutrient availability. Weight-based leaf N content (Nwght) was positively correlated with mean relative growth rate (RGR), but the correlation with mean RGR was tighter when leaf N was expressed on a whole-plant weight basis: leaf nitrogen weight ratio (LNWR). Area-based leaf N content (Narea) was not associated with mean RGR, but was closely correlated with the quotient of saturated leaf weight and leaf area. Weight-based leaf K content (Kwght) was a close correlate of the saturated/dry weight ratio of the foliage. Within the lower range, Kwght corresponded with growth-related nutrient attributes, but higher values appeared to indicate succulence or remobilisable stored water. Functional groups of species and genera could be distinguished with respect to seedling leaf nutrient attributes. Deciduous woody climbers and scramblers had consistently higher leaf Nwght, LNWR and (apparently) leaf Kwght than other deciduous species or genera, and shrubs had higher values than trees. These differences seemed due partly to variation in specific leaf area. Evergreens had consistently higher leaf Narea than deciduous plants, but there were no significant differences in weight-based leaf nutrient attributes between these two groups, possibly because of `luxury nutrient consumption' by the slow-growing evergreens. Another functional group was that of the nitrogen-fixing species, which had consistently high innate leaf Nwght compared to non-N-fixers. The ecological significance of the leaf nutrient attributes in this study is discussed by comparing the seedling data with those from field-collected material, and by brief reference to the natural habitats of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Leaf habit ; Life forms ; RGR ; Stem anatomy ; Woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stem traits were analysed in laboratory-grown seedlings of 80 European woody and semiwoody species of known potential relative growth rate (RGR) and of similar ontogenetic phase. The objectives were, firstly, to assess the relation between stem structure and plant growth potential and, secondly, to explore how stem structure varies among species differing in life form and leaf habit. Hydraulic conductance was represented by the mean diameter of the widest xylem conduits (Dmax), and structural strength by the percentage of xylem tissue occupied by cell wall material (CWx) or stem tissue density (SD). Across all species RGR showed a weak positive correlation with Dmax and weak negative ones with CWx and SD, with slow-growers showing great dispersion of stem trait values. In the RGR-Dmax relationship this dispersion disappeared when trees were removed from the analysis. None of the relationships were significant among tree species alone. It was suggested that fast-growers require a xylem with wide conduits (high Dmax) to achieve high hydraulic conductivity, and “cheaply” constructed stems (low CWx and SD) to maximise allocation to leaves. However, the possession of such traits does not guarantee fast growth, as other factors may constrain RGR elsewhere in the plant. Deciduous seedlings showed higher Dmax and lower CWx than evergreens. Higher Dmax could reflect an innate higher tolerance of conductivity loss by freeze-induced embolism in deciduous plants, which are not burdened by the maintenance of foliage in winter. In contrast, life forms were differentiated most clearly by SD. For instance, shrub seedlings had less dense stem tissues than tree seedlings, possibly because they need less investment in long-term strength and stature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Allometric ; Ecological strategy ; Leaf area ; Ontogenetic ; Seed weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A hypothesized relationship between seed weight and leaf size was investigated for 58 diverse British (semi-)woody species. Interspecific variation in leaf size of adult plants corresponded allometrically with interspecific variation in the weight of an infructescence (seed-bearing inflorescence). The relationship between seed size and leaf size of adult plants was triangular. The corners of the triangle were interpreted in terms of ecological strategy. Medium-sized infructescences, small seeds and large leaves were seen among medium-sized, fast-growing, earlier-successional, mostly deciduous shrubs and trees; small infructescences, small seeds and small leaves mostly among low, slow-growing evergreens from stress-prone, proclimax habitats; and large infructescences, large seeds and large leaves among slow-growing, later-successional trees of potential competitive vigour. The hypothesis that the combination of large seeds and small leaves is allometrically unlikely was supported by the data. The roles of ontogeny and taxonomic relatedness in the seed size-leaf size relationship were examined by correlative and taxonomic analyses of seed, plant and leaf size during the unfolding of the life history from seed through two seedling phases to adulthood. Deciduous versus evergreen leaf habit was a source of deviation from the otherwise linear allometric relationships during ontogenetic development, none of which were, individually, confounded significantly with taxonomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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