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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Caribbean gorgonian corals (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 125 (1996), S. 411-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of 39 species of Caribbean gorgonians were tested for antimicrobial activity against 15 strains of marine bacteria. The bacteria consisted of three opportunistic pathogens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Leucothrix mucor, and Aerococcus viridans, and 12 strains isolated from either healthy or decayed gorgonians. Overall, only 15% (79 out of 544) of the tests resulted in antibacterial activity with 33% (13 out of 39) of the gorgonians inhibiting only one bacterial strain and 23% (9 out of 39) showing no activity. The extracts of four Pseudopterogorgia species showed relatively high levels of activity, inhibiting 43 to 86% of the bacterial strains. The potency of the active Pseudopterogorgia species was variable, however, and three additional Pseudopterogorgia species were inactive against all bacterial strains. With the exception of one sensitive strain, Vibrio species were resistant to gorgonian metabolites. Our results indicate that organic extracts of most Caribbean gorgonians do not possess potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity inhibitory to the growth of opportunistic marine pathogens and bacteria associated with healthy and decayed gorgonian surfaces. These findings suggest that the inhibition of bacterial growth is not the primary ecological function of gorgonian secondary metabolites and that bacteria may not be important selective agents in the evolution of gorgonian secondary chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346321
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High recovery of culturable bacteria from the surfaces of marine algae (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 126 (1996), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The culturability of heterotrophic marine bacteria obtained from the surfaces of two species of marine algae (Lobophora variegata andHalimeda copiosa) was assessed by comparing total DAPI-stained cell counts to colony-forming bacterial counts on two agar media. The colony-forming bacterial counts on a low-nutrient medium (LN) consisting of seawater and agar were significantly greater for both algal species than counts obtained on a high-nutrient medium (HN) similar in composition to that typically used for the isolation of heterotrophic marine bacteria. On average, 14 and 58%, respectively, of the total bacteria fromL. variegata andH. copiosa were culturable on LN. These recovery rates far exceed those typically reported for marine bacteria. Of 119 LN strains obtained in pure culture, 55% failed to grow on HN. The yeast extract component of HN (1.5 gl-1) was responsible for the majority of the observed inhibition, suggesting that this nutrient can be highly toxic to marine bacteria. Eighty-nine percent of the strains inhibited by HN were capable of growth when the nutrients in this medium were diluted by a factor of 100 with seawater. Of 66 epiphytic strains, 30 (45%) initially inhibited by HN showed the ability to adapt to this medium after a period of laboratory handling. The initial inability of low-nutrient-adapted bacteria to grow on high-nutrient media may be due to nutrient shock. The results presented here indicate that the culturability of specific populations of marine bacteria can be dramatically improved by the use of low-nutrient media. Further, the importance of developing new medium formulations that eliminate traditional nutrients, some of which are clearly toxic to bacteria, is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571371
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative abundance and seawater requirements of gram-positive bacteria in near-shore tropical marine samples (1995)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 29 (1995), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria in a variety of near-shore marine samples was determined using the KOH method. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 14%, 25%, 31 %, and 12%, respectively, of the colony-forming bacteria obtained from seawater, sediments, and the surfaces of algae and invertebrates. A total of 481 gram-positive strains were isolated representing a wide range of morphological groups including regular and irregular rods, cocci, and actinomycetes. Seventy-seven percent of the strains characterized did not form spores and were aerobic, catalase-positive rods with regular to irregular cell morphologies. Eighty-two percent of the strains tested showed an obligate requirement of seawater for growth. None of the cocci tested required seawater or sodium for growth. This is the first report documenting that gram-positive bacteria can compose a large percentage of the culturable, heterotrophic bacteria associated with the surfaces of tropical marine algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164888
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marine bacterial diversity as a resource for novel microbial products (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: marine bacteria ; bacterial diversity ; microbial products
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Marine bacteria are an important and relatively unexplored resource for novel microbial products. In this review, we discuss a number of issues relevant to the industrial potential of marine microorganisms including how marine and terrestrial bacteria differ, both physiologically and taxonomically, and what constitute reasonable expectations of the biosynthetic capabilities of marine bacteria relative to terrestrial bacteria and to marine macroorganisms. Also discussed is the concept that bacterial associations with marine plants and animals, which range from casual encounters to obligate symbioses, provide unique opportunities for bacterial adaptation. It is proposed that some of these adaptations would not be selected for in the absence of environmental parameters associated with the host, and that these adaptations can include the biosynthesis of unique metabolic products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574765
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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