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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the haemophilia A mutation in sporadic patients registered at the Royal London Hospital and their families (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The families of sporadic haemophilia A patients registered at the Royal London Hospital and with living grandparents were selected for study. Twelve of the 13 known families agreed to collaborate. Of these 11 had a patient with severe and one a patient with mild haemophilia. Five of the severely affected patients had inversions of type 1, that is involving int22h-1 and int22h-3, and two had inversions of type 2, that is involving int22h-1 and int22h-2. The remaining four patients with severe disease had single base substitutions causing two different non-sense (Gln592→Stop; Trp2313→Stop) and two different mis-sense mutations (His267→Pro; Arg2209→Gln). A single base substitution causing a mis-sense mutation (His1961→Asp) was also found in the patient with mild haemophilia. The Arg2209→Gln mutation has previously been found in other patients while the other single base substitutions have not hitherto been observed. Three mutations (all single base substitutions) appear to have arisen in the germline of the patient’s mother, while seven mutations originated in the gonad of one of the patient’s grandparents. In two of the latter families (both with inversion type 2) the origin of muta-tions could be clearly assigned to the grandpaternal gonad. Data on parental age at the onset of mutation were ob-tained in the families investigated. In addition, further evidence was obtained that the int-22h-related inversions arise by intrachromatid, intrachromosome homologous re-combination as the int22h repeat sequences of a patient were found to be identical to those of the maternal grand-father whose germline represents the origin of mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1997.00089.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural and neurophysiological responses ofSpodoptera littoralis to azadirachtin and a range of synthetic analogues (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: azadirachtin ; azadirachtin analogues ; Spodoptera littoralis ; antifeedant ; behaviour ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin and 56 azadirachtin analogues, including 22,23-dihydroazalirachtin, against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis was investigated using behavioural and electrophysiological bioassays. None of the analogues was as active as azadirachtin, although many showed significant antifeedant activity at high concentrations. The majority of the analogues stimulated a dose-dependent response from a neurone in the medial styloconic maxillary sensilla which correlated with the behavioural activity. Methylation of the hydroxy substitutions on the azadirachtin molecule usually resulted in a decrease in antifeedant activity, as did the addition of bulky groups to the dihydrofuran ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the grading coefficient, a new particle size distribution parameter (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 57 (1999), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9537
    Keywords: Key words Grading ; Particle size distribution ; Grading coefficient ; Unsealed roads
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'importance de la granulométrie d'un matériau graveleux à utiliser sur des routes non-revêtues est connue depuis longtemps. Plusieurs paramètres ont eté developpés pour permettre l'interprétation des courbes granulométriques en fonction d'un seul paramètre pour faciliter les applications, contrôles et comparaisons. On montre qu'il existe des corrélations importantes entre beaucoup de paramètres bien connus, bien qu'il soit évident aussi que la dispersion des données indique qu'il se peut que ces paramètres sont indicatifs de propriétés qui diffèrent légèrement l'une de l'autre. L'étude a montré qu'un paramètre nouveau, le coefficient de granularité, est un bon indicateur de la granulométrie et qu'on peut l'utiliser de façon interchangeable avec beaucoup d'autres paramètres. En termes généraux, le coefficient de granularitééquivaut à peu près à la moitié du pourcentage du matériau graveleux dans un matériau donné, et les coefficients de granularité de 16 et 34 équivalent à peu près aux modules de granularité de 1.5 et 1.6 respectivement.
    Notes: Abstract  The importance of the particle size distribution (grading) of a gravel material for unsealed roads has long been recognized. Various parameters have been devised to allow interpretation of grading curves in terms of a single parameter for ease of application, control and comparison. It is shown that there are significant correlations between many of the better known parameters, although it is also clear from the scatter of the data that the parameters probably indicate slightly different properties. The investigation has shown that a new parameter, the grading coefficient, is a good indicator of the grading and can be used interchangeably with many other parameters. In general terms the grading coefficient is approximately half the percentage gravel in a material and grading coefficients of 16 and 34 are roughly equivalent to grading moduli of 1.5 and 2.6, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100640050039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detecting Resistance to Organophosphates and Carbamates in the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus, with a Propoxur-based Biochemical Test (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 23 (1999), S. 907-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Boophilus microplus ; cattle tick ; pesticide resistance ; organophosphate ; biochemical test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rapid and sensitive detection of resistance to insecticides in arthropods is needed. In the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, resistance to a variety of acaricides is widespread. The most commonly used assay for resistance, the larval packet test, takes at least two, but generally six weeks for a one-host tick like B. microplus to complete and may take up to three months to complete for three-host ticks. Here we describe a test for resistance to organophosphate acaricides that can be used on larvae and adult ticks which takes less than 24 hours. The test measures the difference in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in homogenates of ticks in the presence and absence of propoxur, a carbamate acaricide. We found clear discrimination of organophosphate-susceptible and organophosphate-resistant adults with 100 μM propoxur. AChE from susceptible ticks had almost no activity at this concentration of propoxur whereas AChE from resistant ticks had 67% of its potential activity. AChE from heterozygote ticks could also be distinguished from AChE from homozygous-susceptible and homozygous-resistant ticks. This is the first biochemical test for resistance to an acaricide. Rapid, sensitive tests like ours will allow resistance to organophosphates to be detected soon after it develops in the field, thus, the spread of resistance might be slowed and the useful life of acaricides extended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006364816302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monooxygenases Play Only a Minor Role in Resistance to Synthetic Pyrethroids in the Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 23 (1999), S. 897-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Boophilus microplus ; tick ; Ixodida ; resistance ; synthetic pyrethroid ; monooxygenases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the role of monooxygenases in resistance to synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) in the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. We found that monooxygenases play only a minor role in resistance to SPs in both resistant and susceptible strains of B. microplus. We blocked the monooxygenases with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and simultaneously applied the SPs, flumethrin and cypermethrin to larval B. microplus. PBO increased the effect of flumethrin (synergism ratios 2.7–8.9) more than it increased the effect of cypermethrin (synergism ratios 1.9–3.1). Of the four strains tested, Parkhurst, which is resistant to SPs, was the least affected by the addition of PBO (synergism ratios after cypermethrin was applied 1.9; after flumethrin 2.7) whereas N.R.F.S., the strain susceptible to SPs, was the most affected by synergism between PBO and SPs (synergism ratio after cypermethrin was applied 3.1; after flumethrin 8.9). We hypothesize that B. microplus lacks monooxygenases capable of conferring resistance to SPs because it and its recent ancestors were blood-feeders rather than herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006245800759
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