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  • 1995-1999  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of histamine and substance P on the rabbit and human iris sphincter muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 233 (1995), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background and methods: In an attempt to clarify the functional action of histamine and substance P on atropine-resistant miosis, we isolated rabbit and human iris sphincter muscles and investigated their mechanical properties using the isometric tension recording method. • Results: Substance P dose-dependently contracted the rabbit iris sphincter, but had no effect on the human iris sphincter. In the rabbit iris sphincter, histamine reduced the amplitude of twitch contraction evoked by field stimulation but had no effect on carbachol-induced contraction. Thioperamide, but not mepyramine or cimetidine, partially antagonized the histamine-induced reduction in the amplitude of twitch contractions. In the human iris sphincter, on the other hand, histamine dose-dependently provoked contraction and the amplitude of histamine-induced contraction was affected neither by atropine nor by indomethacin. • Conclusions: These results provide evidence that histamine has strong contractile effect on the human iris sphincter muscle; the rabbit iris sphincter muscle, however, apparently lacks functional histamine receptors. In rabbits, exogenously applied histamine only activates H3 receptors located on the cholinergic nerve terminal, hence the excitatory neuro-effector transmission is suppressed. Thus, histamine may have an important roles in atropine-resistant miosis in humans, but not in rabbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166612
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration mediated by acetylcholine receptors in cultured retinal neurons and Müller cells (1998)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 236 (1998), S. 934-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Purpose: This study was conducted to detect the presence of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors in cultured retinal neurons and Müller cells. · Methods: Pure Müller cell cultures and cocultures of retinal neurons and Müller cells were used; the former, obtained from adult rabbit retinas, and the latter, retinal neurons from neonatal rats, were cocultured with Müller cells. Intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) following the administration of acetylcholine, a cholinesterase inhibitor (trichlorfon), nicotine or muscarinic agonist with or without a receptor antagonist was monitored using the calcium ion indicator, fura-2. · Results: Acetylcholine and trichlorfon induced rapid increase in [Ca2+]i in half of either cell type. Trichlorfon induced positive response in coculture but not in the pure Müller cell cultures. This positive response was blocked only partially in the presence of atropine. Approximately 30–40% of neurons responded to nicotine at 5 µM, which was significantly blocked by α-bungarotoxin at 50 nM. No response to nicotine could be detected in Müller cells. Approximately 50% of neurons responded to muscarine at 50 µM, but 500 µM was required for the formation of calcium transients in 50% of Müller cells. The muscarine inducement of rapid increase in [Ca2+]i was blocked by atropine. The agonist of M1 (a muscarinic receptor subtype), McN-A-343, at 0.5 µM induced the most significant and rapid increase in [Ca2+]i both in neurons and Müller cells. McN-A-343 administration at 0.05 µM induced positive response in half the neurons, but only in approximately 10% of Müller cells. Such positive response was not observed following preincubation with the M1 antagonist, pirenzepine, at 50 µM. · Conclusions: Cocultured retinal neurons enhance the release of acetylcholine following anticholinesterase administration, and approximately half the neurons were found to possess muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. However, Müller cells appeared to possess only the less sensitive muscarinic receptor. Muscarinic receptor subtypes on either type of cell contained at least M1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004170050183
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-graft-polyisoprene (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Well defined poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-graft-polyisoprenes were synthesized by reaction between the chloromethyl group of chloromethylated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and living polyisoprene (PIP) anions. The obtained graft copolymers were characterized by gel-permeation chromatography, NMR, and IR spectra. The reaction was not complete (unreacted chloromethyl groups were found) because of hindrance effects of the polyisoprene chain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologies of poly(vinylcarbazole)-polyisoprene graft copolymer and blend (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructures of a poly(vinylcarbazole-g-isoprene) and blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVCz) and polyisoprene (PIP) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the graft copolymer, the unique microphase separated structure was observed. In the blend, the blend ratio did not correspond to the area ratio on the TEM photograph. It is suggested that the results are caused by rigid and crystalline PVCz and low glass-transition temperature of PIP. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550114
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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