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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal deterioration mechanism of CoFeB/PdPtMn spin valves (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5042-5044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We clarified the mechanism of thermal deterioration that occurs in the CoFeB/PdPtMn spin-valve films at temperatures above 310 °C. Two kinds of CoFeB spin-valve film, Ta/NiFe/CoFeB/Cu/CoFeB/PdPtMn/Ta (B:0–3 at. %) and Ta/NiFe/CoFeB/Cu/CoFeB/FeMn/Ta (B:2 at. %), were prepared and annealed in a magnetic field. For the PdPtMn spin-valve samples, the magnetoresistance (MR) output decreased after annealing at a temperature above 330 °C and there was an increase in the interlayer coupling field of free and pin layers (Hin). There was no large change in the sheet resistance for annealing below 330 °C. For CoFe/PdPtMn(no B) spin valves, the MR output decreased during annealing at more than 310 °C and there was an increase of Hin. An addition of only 1 at. % of boron into the free and pinned layers is sufficient to obtain thermal stability. For the CoFeB/FeMn spin-valve samples, the MR output decreased for annealing above 280 °, the sheet resistance increased, and the Hin value did not change for annealing below 300 °C. The interface properties of PdPtMn spin valves were examined using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. We observed the connection between the free and the pinned layers through Cu pinholes and reduced Mn inter diffusion for the deteriorated sample. The increase of Hin can be explained by the pinholes of the Cu layer which result in a connection between the free and pinned layers. Boron in the free and pinned layer has the effect of blocking diffusion, thereby preventing a connection of the free and pinned layers. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370085
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling supernova hydrodynamics to the laboratory : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2065-2071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Supernova (SN) 1987A focused attention on the critical role of hydrodynamic instabilities in the evolution of supernovae. To test the modeling of these instabilities, we are developing laboratory experiments of hydrodynamic mixing under conditions relevant to supernovae. Initial results were reported in J. Kane et al. [Astrophys. J. 478, L75 (1997) and B. A. Remington et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 1994 (1997)]. The Nova laser is used to generate a 10–15 Mbar shock at the interface of a two-layer planar target, which triggers perturbation growth due to the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, and to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability as the interface decelerates. This resembles the hydrodynamics of the He-H interface of a Type II supernova at intermediate times, up to a few ×103 s. The scaling of hydrodynamics on microscopic laser scales to the SN-size scales is presented. The experiment is modeled using the hydrodynamics codes HYADES [J. T. Larson and S. M. Lane, J. Quant. Spect. Rad. Trans. 51, 179 (1994)] and CALE [R. T. Barton, Numerical Astrophysics (Jones and Bartlett, Boston, 1985), pp. 482–497], and the supernova code PROMETHEUS [P. R. Woodward and P. Collela, J. Comp. Phys. 54, 115 (1984)]. Results of the experiments and simulations are presented. Analysis of the spike-and-bubble velocities using potential flow theory and Ott thin-shell theory is presented, as well as a study of 2D versus 3D differences in perturbation growth at the He-H interface of SN 1987A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873497
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supernova hydrodynamics experiments on the Nova laser : The 38th annual meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1994-2003 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In studying complex astrophysical phenomena such as supernovae, one does not have the luxury of setting up clean, well-controlled experiments in the universe to test the physics of current models and theories. Consequently, creating a surrogate environment to serve as an experimental astrophysics testbed would be highly beneficial. The existence of highly sophisticated, modern research lasers, developed largely as a result of the world-wide effort in inertial confinement fusion, opens a new potential for creating just such an experimental testbed utilizing well-controlled, well-diagnosed laser-produced plasmas. Two areas of physics critical to an understanding of supernovae are discussed that are amenable to supporting research on large lasers: (1) compressible nonlinear hydrodynamic mixing and (2) radiative shock hydrodynamics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872341
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blast wave diagnostic for the Petawatt laser system : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 806-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on a diagnostic to measure the trajectory of a blast wave propagating through a plastic target 400 μm thick. This blast wave is generated by the irradiation of the front surface of the target with ∼400 J of 1 μm laser radiation in a 20 ps pulse focused to a ∼50 μm diameter spot, which produces an intensity in excess of 1018 W/cm2. These conditions approximate a point explosion and a blast wave is predicted to be generated with an initial pressure nearing 1 Gbar which decays as it travels approximately radially outward from the interaction region. We have utilized streaked optical pyrometry of the blast front to determine its time of arrival at the rear surface of the target. Applications of a self-similar Taylor–Sedov blast wave solution allows the amount of energy deposited to be estimated. The experiment, LASNEX design simulations and initial results are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149277
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of pBR322 DNA in a wastewater matrix (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 164-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: sludge; wastewater; DNA; pBR322; genetically manipulated organisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recombinant organisms used in biopharmaceutical production processes are destroyed prior to environmental release into a private or municipal wastewater treatment system. However, concern over the fate of recombinant DNA used in these processes may adversely affect product regulatory approval. This study examined the fate of DNA from the plasmid pBR322 in an activated sludge-derived matrix. DNA suitable for PCR amplification was extracted from the activated sludge matrix and a 1042-bp fragment from pBR322 rapidly decreased in concentration from 0 to 2 h after it was spiked into the activated sludge matrix at an initial DNA concentration of 25 ng ml−1. While some evidence of the 1042-bp fragment was observed at 4 h, no evidence of amplified DNA was observed at 6 h. Plasmid DNA in buffer that served as a positive control exhibited no significant reduction in concentration over time. The intensity of each DNA band over the first 4 h was analyzed. A linear regression of the natural log transformation of these results yielded a mean first-order rate constant of 3.55 h−1 and half-life of 0.2 h. This study demonstrated that recombinant DNA released from industrial processes into wastewater treatment systems should be rapidly degraded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900629
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postpartum magnetic resonance imaging in a case of placenta accreta with intrauterine abscess formation (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 262 (1998), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Placenta accreta ; Uterine abscess ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; CT scan ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The postpartum magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of a patient with placenta accreta and abscess formation is presented here and compared to the ultrasound and CT findings. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathologic examination and cultures of the hysterectomy specimen. On MRI, the T1-weighted acquisitions showed an enlarged uterus of mildly heterogeneous but predominantly low signal intensity. The T2-weighted images demonstrated a heterogenous area of predominantly bright signal within the uterine body and fundus. In this case, MRI was more informative than ultrasound and non-contrast CT scan in the postpartum diagnosis of placenta accreta with abscess formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004040050234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the API YeastIdent system in determining the enzymatic profiles ofNocardia asteroides isolates (1995)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 129 (1995), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: API YeastIdent ; Enzyme ; Nocardia asteroides ; Proteolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glucose represses production of ammonium in many clinical isolates ofNocardia asteroides growing on bromcresolpurple casein glucose agar. Strains exhibiting this property are designated as group A, while group B represents isolates showing a high degree of proteolytic activity and a resulting rapid increase in pH. Twenty isolates ofN. asteroides were characterized as group A or B. Enzymatic profiles obtained using the API YeastIdent system showed significant enzymatic variation between 12 group B and 8 group A isolates. Proteolytic enzymes which most varied in activity between groups were glycine aminopeptidase, histidine aminopeptidase and leucyl glycine aminopeptidase. As some of theN. asteroides isolates were isolated from asymptomatic patients, it is of interest to consider the possibility of one group being of low virulence while the other is more strongly associated with infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01139330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape design sensitivity analysis via material derivative-adjoint variable technique for 3-D and 2-D curved boundary elements (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 2839-2866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: shape design sensitivity ; material derivative-adjoint variable technique ; boundary elements ; performance functional ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general approach to shape design sensitivity analysis of three- and two-dimensional elastic solid objects is developed using the material derivative-adjoint variable technique and boundary element method. The formulation of the problem is general and first-order sensitivities in the form of boundary integrals for the effect of boundary shape variations are derived for an arbitrary performance functional. Second-order quadrilateral surface elements (for 3-D problems) and quadratic boundary elements (for 2-D problems) are employed in the solution of primary and adjoint systems and discretization of the boundary integral expressions for sensitivities. The accuracy of sensitivity information is studied for selected global performance functionals and also for boundary state fields at discrete points. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this approach.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620381702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A symmetric Galerkin multi-zone boundary element formulation (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 2913-2931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: boundary elements ; symmetric Galerkin ; multi-zone ; condensation ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The recent development of the symmetric Galerkin approach to boundary element analysis (BEA) has been demonstrated to be superior to the collocation method for medium to large problems. This fact has been shown in both heat conduction and elasticity. Accounts of collocation multi-zone analysis techniques have also been prevalent in the literature, dealing with multiple boundary integral relations associated with portions of overall objects. This technique results in overall system matrices with a blocked, sparse, but unsymmetric character. It has been shown that multi-zone techniques can produce smaller solution times than a single zone analysis for large problems. These techniques are useful for multi-material problems as well. This paper presents an approach for combining the benefits of both techniques resulting in a Galerkin multi-zone method, that is overall unsymmetric but contains a significant amount of block symmetry. A condensation technique in the multi-zone solver is shown to exploit the symmetry of the Galerkin formulation as well as the blocked sparsity of the multi-zone technique. This method is compared to collocation multi-zone on two elasticity problems from the literature. It is concluded that an appropriate implementation of the symmetric Galerkin multi-zone BEA indeed has the potential to be superior to the collocation based multi-zone BEA, for medium to large-scale elasticity problems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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