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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 655-657 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Orogastrale Sonden ; Fixierungstechnik ; Frühgeborene ; Zuverlässigkeit ; Key words Orogastric tubes ; Fixation ; Preterm infant ; Reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Partial nasal obstruction in preterm and term infants increases airway resistance. It may reduce ventilation and cause disturbances of respiratory regulation. Although this is well established, nasogastric tubes are commonly used, because orogastric tubes are difficult to secure. A new technique for fixing orogastric tubes was tested in a prospective study in 11 preterm and term infants over a 4 weeks period. There was no preterm dislocation of an oral tube in 7 patients. The orogastric tube had to be reinserted once before regular change in 3 patients and only 1 patiend aged 15 weeks presented with multiple dislocations of the tube. On the basis of a 3 days period for regular change of the orogastric tube the reliability of this new technique was 86,2% for all patients and 92,5% for patients below 8 weeks of age. Conclusion: The new technique for securing orogastric tubes seems to be reliable in preterm infants before the age of 8 weeks.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine teilweise Verlegung der Nase beim Früh- und Termingeborenen erhöht den Atemwegwiderstand mit möglichen negativen Auswirkungen auf Gasaustausch, Atemarbeit und Atemregulation. Eine etablierte Technik zur Fixierung oraler Sonden fehlt bislang. Sonden werden daher im Regelfall nasogastral gelegt. Die Zuverlässigkeit einer neuen Fixierungstechnik für orale Sonden wurde bei 11 Früh- und Termingeborenen prospektiv über einen Zeitraum von 1 Monat geprüft. Bei 7 von 11 Patienten trat keine Dislokation vor dem geplanten Sondenwechsel nach 3–4 Tagen auf. Bei 3 Patienten dislozierte die orale Sonde jeweils 1mal vorzeitig. Nur bei einem 15 Wochen alten Patienten dislozierte die Sonde wiederholt vorzeitig. In keinem Fall traten Komplikationen auf. Bei einer angestrebten Liegedauer von 3 Tagen liegt die Zuverlässigkeit der Fixierungstechnik bei 86,2% für alle und 92,5% für Patienten im Alter bis zu 8 Wochen. Schlußfolgerung: In der vorliegenden Studie konnte gezeigt werden, daß die von uns neu entwickelte Technik bei Frühgeborenen bis zu einem Lebensalter von 8 Wochen eine zuverlässige Fixierung oraler Magensonden gewährleistet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 689-690 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 77 (1998), S. 312-319 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Serum hormones ; Aging Heavy resistance exercise ; Isometric action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute hormone responses of growth hormone (GH), total and free testosterone (TT and FT) and cortisol (C) to heavy resistance isometric exercise were examined in ten young men [YM 26.5 (SD 4.8) years] and ten old men [OM 70.0 (SD 3.7) years]. Loading conditions of the same relative intensity were created for the lower and upper extremity actions separately as well as for both of them together – lower extremity exercise (LE; knee extension), upper extremity exercise (UE; bench press extension), and lower and upper extremity exercise (LUE) performed simultaneously in a seated position. Single voluntary maximal isometric actions lasting for 5 s were performed repeatedly for ten repetitions (with a recovery of 5 s) for a total of four sets. The recovery time between the sets was 1 min. Each exercise led to large acute decreases in maximal isometric force in both YM (P 〈 0.001) and OM (P 〈 0.001) ranging from 41% to 26% with no significant differences between the groups. Serum GH concentrations increased in both YM (P 〈 0.05–0.01) and OM (P 〈 0.05) but the postexercise value in YM during LE was greater (P 〈 0.05) than for OM. The TT increased (P 〈 0.01–0.001) in YM in all three exercises, while in OM the increase occurred only during LE (P 〈 0.01). The exercises led to increases in FT in YM (P 〈 0.05 for LE and LUE), while in OM the increase occurred only during LUE (P 〈 0.05). The pre and postexercise FT were greater in YM (P 〈 0.001) than in OM. No significant changes occurred in C either in YM or in OM. The blood lactate concentrations increased during the exercises in both YM (P 〈 0.001) and OM (P 〈 0.05–0.001) but the postexercise values during LE and LUE in YM were greater (P 〈 0.05) than in OM. The present data would indicate that the responses of GH, TT and FT to heavy resistance isometric exercise are lowered with increasing age. The reduced acute hormone response together with the lowered basal values in FT in the older men compared to the young men may indicate decreased anabolic effects on muscles and may explain in part the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Key words VDD pacemaker ; physiological pacing ; complications in the pacemaker therapy ; atrial fibrillation ; Schlüsselwörter VDD-Schrittmacher ; physiologische Stimulation ; Schrittmacherkomplikationen ; Vorhofflimmern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Die Möglichkeit der Einelektroden-VDD-Stimulation erfordert eine Neuorientierung der routinemäßigen Schrittmachertherapie. Ziel der Studie war es, spezifische Probleme und Komplikationen zu analysieren, wenn der Einelektroden-VDD-Modus in allen geeigneten Fällen ohne spezielle Vordiagnostik angewendet wurde. Weiterhin untersuchten wir den Einfluß der hinzugekommenen Einelektroden-VDD-Stimulation auf die Häufigkeit der anderen Stimulationsarten. Methoden: Es wurden die eigenen Implantationszahlen von 1991 bis 1996 ausgewertet, 1991 und 1992 ohne und 1994 bis 1996 mit VDD-Stimulation. Die Probleme der VDD-Stimulation wurden in einer mindestens 9-monatigen Nachkontrolle erfaßt und beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Bei annähernd konstantem Anteil von Patienten mit AV-Blockierungen erfolgten in den Jahren 1994 bis 1996 206 VDD-Implantationen, das sind 25,5% der gesamten Neuimplantationen. AAI- und DDD-Anteile blieben etwa konstant, während sich der VVI-Anteil von 1991 und 1992 von 72,2% auf 43,1% in 1994 bis 1996 verringerte. Die minimalen atrialen Potentiale waren bei der Implantation in 17 Fällen kleiner als 0,5mV, aber nur bei 2 dieser Patienten traten später intermittierende atriale Steuerungsausfälle auf. Solche ließen sich bei insgesamt 11 von den 206 Patienten nachweisen, 6mal (2,9%) mit klinischer Relevanz aber ohne Notwendigkeit einer operativen Korrektur. Nachfolgeeingriffe waren nur 7mal erforderlich, wobei 3 Reizschwellenerhöhungen und ein ausgeprägtes Sinusknotensyndrom mit den speziellen Elektroden bzw. dem Modus zusammenhängen. Das bei 12 Patienten postoperativ aufgetretene Vorhofflimmern konnte 9mal jeweils medikamentös terminiert werden, 3mal wurde lediglich auf VVI programmiert. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Einelektroden-VDD-Therapie erwies sich trotz der spezifischen Probleme und Kompromisse als sehr praxiswirksam und bietet im Hinblick auf eine physiologische Stimulationsart für mehr Patienten eine deutliche Verbesserung der Möglichkeiten in der Schrittmachertherapie.
    Notes: Background: The opportunity to treat a patient with a single-lead-VDD stimulation demands a new approach to the routine pacemaker therapy. It was the aim of the study to take a look at the specific problems and complications that occur during the use of the single-lead-VDD stimulation in all appropriate cases without special preoperative diagnostic steps. Beside that we studied the influence of the recently established single-lead-VDD stimulation on the other modes of stimulation in all patients who were in need for a pacemaker. Methods: We analysed the number of all implantations done by us from 1991 until 1996, in 1991 and 1992 without, from 1994 to 1996 with VDD stimulation. We looked for the problems of VDD stimulation in a follow-up period of at least 9 months. Results: During the studied period the percentage of patients with AV-block remained nearly the same. From 1994 to 1996 we did 206 VDD implantations, this are 25.5% of all first time implantations. The percentage of AAI- and DDD-pacemakers remained more or less the same, whereas VVI implantations decreased from 72.2% in 1991 and 1992 to 43.3% from 1994 to 1996. In 17 cases the minimal intraoperative atrial potentials were less than 0.5mV, but only 2 of these patients showed a loss of atrial sensing later. All together we could prove intermittend atrial sensing loss in 11 (5.3%) patients out of 206, 6 (2.9%) of them were clinically symptomatic but without the necessity of an operative correction. A second operation had to be performed in 6 cases, in 4 of them caused by the special electrode or mode (ventricular loss of capture in 3 cases and severe sick sinus syndrome in 1 case). 12 patients showed atrial fibrillation in the follow-up. 3 patients were only programmed to VVI mode, but in 9 of them the atrial fibrillation could be terminated by drugs. Conclusions: The single-lead-VDD therapy proved to be very practicable and effective inspite of its specific problems and compromises. Because of its physiological way of stimulation for more patients this therapy produces a remarkable improvement in the possibilities of the pacemaker therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reliable computing 2 (1996), S. 241-253 
    ISSN: 1573-1340
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Предлагаются два алгоритма для вычисления (тесных) включений определенных интегралов: локальный адаптивный алгоритм и глобальный адаптивный алгоритм. Оба алгоритма основаны на квадратуре Гаусса-Лежандра. Члены, характеризующие погрещность, находятся с помощью автоматического дифференцирования в сочетании с интервальными оценками. Представлено несколько численных примеров, которые включают сравнение с адаптивной интервальной схемой Ромберга.
    Notes: Abstract We propose a two algorithms for computation of (sharp) enclosures of definite interevals: alocal adaptive algorithm (LAA) and aglobal adaptive algorithm (GAA). Both algorithms are based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature. Error terms are bounded using automatic differentiation in combination with interval evaluations. Several numerical examples are presented; these examples include comparison with an adaptive interval Romberg scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The distal migration of polyethylene wear debris appears to be a major cause of loosening and osteolysis of cementless total hip arthroplasties. The use of modern cementing techniques, circumferential porous or hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has been advocated as a means of preventing access of the particles to the bone-implant interface. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of different methods of implant fixation to prevent wear debris migration. Three each of smooth, porous-coated, HA-coated, and cemented hemiarthroplasties were implanted in the right hip of 12 dogs. Polyethylene particles were injected into the hip once a month for 4 months and then the femurs were sectioned. The percentage bone ingrowth was 8% for the smooth, 38% for the porous, and 83% for the HA-coated sections. Infiltration of the interface membrane by histiocytes containing polyethylene particles, and endosteal scalloping or osteolysis were found on all sections of the smooth prostheses. No particles or osteolysis were found on any sections of the other three types of prostheses. Capsular and lymph node sections from all dogs revealed histiocytic infiltration with numerous polyethylene particles present. It is concluded that the use of cement, porous, or HA coating prevents or delays access of the polyethylene wear debris to the bone-implant interface. No one of these methods of fixation proved more advantageous in the 5-month limit of this study. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 11 (1997), S. 523-538 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: silicon-modified ; carbohydrate ; surfactant ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionic siloxanyl-modified carbohydrate surfactants have been synthesized by alkylation/esterification of precursors containing tertiary amino functions. Depending on the reaction strategy, the siloxanyl moiety is part of the alkylating agent or the substrate. Polyhydroxylated tertiary amines can be quaternized by siloxanyl-modified chloroacetic acid esters or epoxysiloxanes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The esterification of tertiary amines bearing carbohydrate and siloxanyl subunits by cyclic acid anhydrides yields, after neutralization, carboxylate salts. The reaction of hydroxyl groups and sulfamic acid leads to sulfates. The new substances were characterized by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography, elemental analysis and their solubility profile. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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