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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical Scaling of Single Oral Lethal Doses Across Mammalian Species Based on a Large Database (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The scaling of administered doses to achieve equal degrees of toxic effect in different species has been relatively poorly examined for noncancer toxicity, either empirically or theoretically. We investigate empirical patterns in the correspondence of single oral dose LD, values across several mammalian species for a large number of chemicals based on data reported in the RTECSQ database maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We find a good correspondence of LD, values across species when the dose levels are expressed in terms of mgadministered per kg of body mass. Our findings contrast with earlier analyses that support scaling doses by the 3/4-power of body mass to achieve equal subacute toxicity of antineoplastic agents. We suggest that, especially for severe toxicity, single- and repeated-dosing regimes may have different cross-species scaling properties, as they may depend on standing levels of defenses and rate of regeneration of defenses, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01117.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disorder and noncollinear magnetism in permanent-magnet materials (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5051-5055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report calculations of the noncollinear magnetic structures and of the magnetic anisotropies of YFe12−xMox permanent magnets with the ThMn12 structure, using a novel variant of a spin-polarized tight-binding-linear-muffin-tin-orbital technique allowing for local spin-quantization axes on each site and considering spin–orbit coupling. The ternary YFe12−xMox compounds crystallize in the tetragonal ThMn12 structure which can be stabilized only by the partial substitution of Fe by an early transition metal like Mo. We show that the substitutional disorder leads to canted spin-structures at low Mo content (x∼1) and to spin-glass-like behavior at higher Mo content (x∼3). We also find that the character of the anisotropy changes from uniaxial to planar with higher Mo content. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361569
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniaxial and planar magnetic anisotropy of thin transition-metal films (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4963-4963 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a novel approach to the calculation of the spin structures and magnetic anisotropies in crystals and thin films. Our technique is based on self-consistent real-space recursion calculations on a tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB LMTO) Hubbard Hamiltonian including spin–orbit coupling and allowing for arbitary orientations of the local spin-quantization axes. It allows one to scan the magnetic energy continuously as a function of the orientation of the magnetic moment and thus to avoid the computational problems that plague other techniques. Applications are presented for bulk iron and for thin Fe overlayers on Cu (111) and Cu (100) substrates. For monolayer coverage, we predict a perpendicular direction of the magnetic moment for Fe/Cu(100) an in-plane orientation of the spins for Fe/Cu(111), with anisotropies of the order of 1–2 meV. For Fe/Cu(100) we present a detailed investigation of the variation of the spin structures and of the change from perpedicular to in-plane anisotropy with increasing thickness of the Fe films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical Scaling of Single Oral Lethal Doses Across Mammalian Species Based on a Large Database (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 741-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Lethal doses ; cross-species extrapolation ; dose scaling ; RTECS® ; noncancer risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The scaling of administered doses to achieve equal degrees of toxic effect in different species has been relatively poorly examined for noncancer toxicity, either empirically or theoretically. We investigate empirical patterns in the correspondence of single oral dose LD50 values across several mammalian species for a large number of chemicals based on data reported in the RTECS® database maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We find a good correspondence of LD50 values across species when the dose levels are expressed in terms of mg administered per kg of body mass. Our findings contrast with earlier analyses that support scaling doses by the 3/4-power of body mass to achieve equal subacute toxicity of antineoplastic agents. We suggest that, especially for severe toxicity, single- and repeated-dosing regimes may have different cross-species scaling properties, as they may depend on standing levels of defenses and rate of regeneration of defenses, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005920.25846.66
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-3 fatty acids only delay early relapse of ulcerative colitis in remission (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 2087-2094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: n-3 fatty acids ; fish oil ; ulcerative colitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Relapse prevention by dietary n-3 fatty acids (5.1 g/day) was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 64 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission and off steroids. 5-ASA compounds were stopped three months after randomization and clinical disease activity monitored for two years. Macroscopic and histologic activity and extension was assessed by colonoscopy at entry and at exit. Both treatment groups were well matched at start. Nine patients on placebo and eight on n-3 fatty acids stopped taking their medication prematurely. Actuarial relapse-free survival was improved by n-3 fatty acids only during months 2 and 3 (2P〈0.05−0.01), but cumulative relapse rate at two years was similar for those taking placebo (18/33=55%) and n-3 fatty acids (18/31=58%). There was also no consistent difference in clinical, macroscopic, and histologic disease activity between treatment groups. The n-3 fatty acids temporarily retard, but do not prevent, relapse of ulcerative colitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02093614
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-3 but not N-6 fatty acids reduce the expression of the combined adhesion and scavenger receptor CD36 in human monocytic cells (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ; CD36 ; monocytic cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CD36, a multifunctional adhesion receptor e.g. for thrombospondin and collagen, as well as a scavenger receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein, is expressed e.g. on platelets and monocytes. By this dual role it might be involved in early steps of atherosclerosis like the recruitment of monocytes and formation of foam cells. We therefore studied the effects of n-3 fatty acids on CD36 expression in human monocytic cells. Incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) into cellular phospholipids resulted in a significant reduction of CD36 expression at the mRNA and protein level, whereas arachidonic acid (AA, C20: 4n-6) and linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) tended to increase CD36 expression compared to the control. This specific down-regulation of CD36 by n-3 fatty acids in cells involved in the initiation and progression of atherogenesis and inflammation, represents a further mechanism that may contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in these disorders.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130312
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