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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predator Avoidance of Transgenic Channel Catfish Containing Salmonid Growth Hormone Genes (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 1 (1999), S. 545-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: Transgenic channel catfish, predator avoidance, environmental risk, salmonid growth hormone genes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Transgenic channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) containing salmonid growth hormone genes can grow 33% faster than normal channel catfish under aquaculture conditions. However, before transgenic catfish are released and utilized by the private sector, their genetic impact on the natural environment must be examined. Predator avoidance is one of the major fitness traits determining potential environmental risk. To determine the predator avoidance ability and growth performance of transgenic catfish in a natural habitat, various densities of transgenic and nontransgenic channel catfish were communally stocked in 0.04-ha earthen ponds without supplemental feeding. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) were stocked as predators. Nontransgenic fry had better predator avoidance than transgenic channel catfish when data were pooled (p 〈 .01). When data were not pooled, nontransgenic catfish had better predator avoidance in six trials and transgenic individuals had better predator avoidance in four trials. There was no difference in predator avoidance in three trials. Overall predator avoidance was also better for nontransgenic individuals (p 〈 .01) when the fish were evaluated as 3.5-g fingerlings, more clearly than as fry, as transgenic individuals were more vulnerable in 3 of 4 trials at this life stage. There was no significant difference in growth performance between transgenic and nontransgenic channel catfish in ponds without supplemental feeding. These findings indicate that transgenic channel catfish could be used for commercial aquaculture without affecting the natural environment. Although transgenic channel catfish may be released to nature by accident, any ecological effect would be unlikely because the increased susceptibility of transgenic channel catfish to predators would most likely decrease or eliminate the transgenic genotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011809
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gene family encoding the fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins from the brown alga Macrocystis pyrifera (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 246 (1995), S. 455-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Blue light ; Chromophyta ; Fucoxanthin ; Macrocystis ; Phaeophyta ; Signal sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six members of a multigene family encoding polypeptide constituents of the fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a/c protein complex from female gametophytes of the brown alga Macrocystis pyrifera have been cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequences are very similar to those of fucoxanthin chlorophyll binding proteins (Fcp) from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and exhibit limited homology to chlorophyll a/b binding (Cab) polypeptides from higher plants. The primary translation products from the M. pyrifera fcp genes are synthesized as higher molecular weight precursors that are processed prior to their assembly into the Fcp complex. The presumed N-terminal 40-amino acid presequence of the Fcp precursor polypeptide has features resembling that of a signal sequence. This presequence may be required for the protein to transverse the endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds the plastid in brown algae. A subsequent targeting step would be required for the protein to cross the double membrane of the plastid envelope. M. pyrifera fcp transcripts are of two sizes, 1.2 and 1.6 kb. The size difference is accounted for by the length of the 3′ untranslated region, which can be up to 1000 bases. Transcript abundance's of members of the fcp gene family are dependent on light quantity, light quality, or both. Transcript levels of one gene increased approximately five- to tenfold in thalli grown in low intensity relative to high intensity white or blue light. Transcripts from this gene also significantly increase in red light relative to blue light at equivalent light intensities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290449
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and Characterization of an Actin Promoter from the Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 1 (1999), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: 5′ untranslated region, gene transfer, intron, mollusk, phylogeny, transfection.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: We have isolated and characterized the 5′-flanking and part of the coding region of an actin gene from the red abalone Haliotis rufescens. There is high sequence homology between the abalone actin coding region and actins from other species. The sequence of this abalone actin is more closely related to vertebrate cytoplasmic actins than to muscle actins. RNase protection assays located the position of the transcription start point 66 bp upstream of the initiation codon. Promoter prediction by neural network located a TATA box 30 bp upstream of the transcription start point. A search with the SIGNAL SCAN program identified several potential transcription factor binding sites in the abalone sequence. These sites include sequences highly conserved in other actin promoters, like several putative CAAT and E boxes and a modified CArG box. Transfection assays with a construct containing the 5′ flanking region of the abalone actin coupled to a luciferase reporter gene showed that the promoter is functional in mammalian and fish cell lines, as well as in abalone gonad tissue. Expression vectors constructed with the abalone actin promoter will be useful for gene transfer studies into abalone and other mollusks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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