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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anticlastic curvature measurements on unribbed crystal optics for synchrotron radiation : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2188-2189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Various methods have been proposed for measuring the distortion in perfect crystals using double-crystal methods. The majority of these methods rely on making comparisons between double-crystal rocking curve measurements under the spatial extent of an extended x-ray beam. Unless the beam is large and parallel (such as at a synchrotron bending magnet), these methods are not easily scalable to large crystals (e.g., crystal focusing elements for synchrotron beamlines) due to the mechanical inaccuracies inherent in moving the various optical components. We present a method based on a scanning source which simplifies the problems in scaling double-crystal methods to large optics. In addition, results using this method are presented on a ribless sagittal focusing Si(111) crystal demonstrating that the anticlastic deviation can be made to be less than ±1 s of arc over a 1-cm-long section parallel to the sagittal axis. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145701
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive silicon monochromators for high power insertion devices: Tests at CHESS, ESRF, and HASYLAB (abstract) : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2190-2190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray wigglers which produce tens of kilowatts of photon power within the white beam will soon become available as third-generation sources of synchrotron radiation. Insertion devices that produce several kilowatts already exist and we have used those at CHESS, ESRF, and HASYLAB to test and develop an adaptive 111 silicon water jet-cooled monochromator at up to 2 kW total incident beam power. This development of earlier work at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source uses the pressure in the water coolant to provide active compensation of the strain field in the thermal footprint, nulling its effect to within residual variations in the Bragg angle of only a few seconds of arc. The design is robust, vacuum compatible, and uses no moving mechanical parts. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145702
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous x-ray diffuse scattering of short-range order in Nd2−xCexCuO4−y (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 34-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Anomalous x-ray diffuse scattering is used to study the short-range order (SRO) and lattice distortions in the electron-type superconductor, Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−y. The intensity measurements were made at two energies below the Ce LIII absorption edge; the difference data greatly simplified the analysis to involve only atom pairs including Ce. The data sets were analyzed using a kinematic diffraction equation expanded up to the second order in atomic displacements. The fitted SRO parameters indicate the formation of Ce-Ce atom pairs along the 〈001〉 directions. For superconductivity to occur in this and other doped cuprate compounds, the size of the dopant free regions in the basal plane may have to exceed the superconducting coherence length. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359328
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive Silicon Monochromators for High-Power Insertion Devices. Tests at CHESS, ESRF and HASYLAB (1995)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray wigglers which produce tens of kilowatts of photon power within the white beam will soon become available at third-generation sources of synchrotron radiation. Insertion devices that produce several kilowatts already exist and we have used those at CHESS, ESRF and HASYLAB to test adaptive 111 silicon water-jet-cooled monochromators at up to 2 kW total incident beam power. This development from earlier work at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) uses the pressure in the water coolant to provide active compensation of the strain field in the thermal footprint, nulling its effect to within residual variations in Bragg angle of only a few arc s. The design is robust, vacuum compatible and uses no moving mechanical parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090904959400957X
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCIPE – a simple control interface protocol for experimenters (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 600-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The simple control interface protocol for experimenters (SCIPE) used at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source is presented. This interface provides a generic method for data-acquisition programs to control generic actuators and detectors on a synchrotron beamline. The implementation used by the DuPont–Northwestern–Dow Collaborative Access Team, based on readily available hardware, is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597012831
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive Silicon Monochromators for High-Power Wigglers; Design, Finite-Element Analysis and Laboratory Tests (1995)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Multipole wigglers in storage rings already produce X-ray power in the range up to a few kilowatts and planned devices at third-generation facilities promise up to 30 kW. Although the power density at the monochromator position is an order of magnitude lower than that from undulators, the thermal strain field in the beam footprint can still cause severe loss of performance in X-ray optical systems. For an optimized adaptive design, the results of finite-element analysis are compared with double-crystal rocking curves obtained with a laboratory X-ray source and, in a second paper [Quintana, Hart, Bilderback, Henderson, Richter, Setterson, White, Hausermann, Krumrey & Schulte-Schrepping (1995). J. Synchotron Rad. 2, 1–5], successful tests at wiggler sources at CHESS and ESRF and in an undulator source at HASYLAB are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049595004146
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1294-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Community-acquired infections ; Bacterial pneumonia ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To create a predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients needing Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Design: Multicenter prospective study. Setting: Twenty-six Spanish ICUs. Patients: One hundred seven patients with CAP, all of them with accurate etiological diagnosis, divided in three groups according to their etiology in typical (bacterial pneumonia), Legionella and other atypical (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia spp. and virus). For the multivariate analysis we grouped Legionella and other atypical etiologies in the same category. Methods: We recorded 34 variables including clinical characteristics, risk factors and radiographic pattern. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find out a predictive model. Results: We have the complete data in 70 patients. Four variables: APACHE II, (categorized as a dummy variable) serum sodium and phosphorus and “length of symptoms” gave an accurate predictive model (c=0.856). From the model we created a score that predicts typical pneumonia with a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity 72.4%. Conclusion: Our model is an attempt to help in the treatment approach to CAP in ICU patients based on a predictive model of basic clinical and laboratory information. Further studies, including larger numbers of patients, should validate and investigate the utility of this model in different clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709541
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1294-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Community-acquired infections ; Bacterial pneumonia ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To create a predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients needing Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Design Multicenter prospective study Setting Twenty-six Spanish ICUs. Patients One hundred seven patients with CAP, all of them with accurate etiological diagnosis, divided in three groups according to their etiology in typical (bacterial pneumonia),Legionella and other atypical (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia spp. and virus). For the multivariate analysis we groupedLegionella and other atypical etiologies in the same category. Methods We recorded 34 variables including clinical characteristics, risk factors and radiographic pattern. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find out a predictive model. Results We have the complete data in 70 patients. Four variables: APACHE II, (categorized as a dummy variable) serum sodium and phosphorus and “length of symptoms” gave an accurate predictive model (c=0.856). From the model we created a score that predicts typical pneumonia with a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity 72.4%. Conclusion Our model is an attempt to help in the treatment approach to CAP in ICU patients based on a predictive model of basic clinical and laboratory information. Further studies, including larger numbers of patients, should validate and investigate the utility of this model in different clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gelatin layers for holographic purposes: an X-ray diffraction study (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 6145-6150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to overcome uniformity problems in large u.v. holoconcentrators recorded in dichromated gelatin, the structure of hardened gelatin layers has been studied. X-ray diffraction patterns show that layers are formed by individual gelatin chains partly associated as triple-stranded helical rods as those found in native collagen. These rods, in turn, may form fibrillar aggregates. Helical rods and microfibrils are, to a great extent, parallel to the layer surface and their relative amount and packing depend on the hardener as well as on temperature and drying time after coating. X-ray diffraction offers the possibility of estimating in a simple manner the relative amount of triple-helical rods in crystallographic register within the gelatin layers. From these results, a method for obtaining uniform large holograms by means of a slow layer drying process is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369660
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