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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Nurse-Midwifery Care (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Birth 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Background: In 1990 a pilot nurse-midwifery program was implemented in a tertiary care hospital in a major western Canadian city. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to determine if when maternal and newborn patient outcomes were compared, the midwifery program was as effective as traditional, low-risk health care available in the city. Methods: All low-risk women who requested and qualified for nurse-midwifery care were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Results: One hundred one women received care from nurse-midwives and 93 received standard care from either an obstetrician or family physician. The rate of cesarean delivery in the nurse-midwife group was 4 percent compared with 15.1 percent in the physician group. The episiotomy rate, excluding cesarean deliveries, for the nurse-midwife group was 15.5percent compared with 32.9 percent in the physician group. The rates of epidural anesthesia for pain relief in labor were 12.9 percent and 23.7 percent, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found for ultrasound examinations, amniotomy, intravenous drug administration during labor; dietary supplements, length of hospital stay, and admission of infants to the neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusions: The results clearly support the effectiveness of the pilot nurse-midwifery program and suggest that more extensive participation of midwives in the Canadian health care system is an appropriate use of health care dollars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536X.1996.tb00473.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute toxicity and accumulation of the piscicide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 7 (1998), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: freshwater mussels ; piscicide ; accumulation ; toxicity ; uptake clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We compared the acute toxicity and initial accumulation of the piscicide TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) in the freshwater unionacean mussels, Obliquaria reflexa and Fusconaia flava. Acute 48 h toxicity tests were conducted to determine the LC50 values for each species. The initial uptake clearances of TFM were measured by exposing the mussels to [14C]-TFM and counting the radioactivity in four organ tissues (foot, gill, mantle and viscera) over 48 h. TFM was about 2-fold more toxic to O. reflexa (LC50 1.80 mg l−1) than to F. flava (LC50 3.81 mg L−1) and the difference was not explained by accumulation patterns. The initial uptake clearance rates (0--6 h) for the whole body were similar between the species (11.2 ml g−1 h−2 in O. reflexa and 9.5 ml g−1 h−1 in F. flava). The accumulation of TFM residues among the organ tissues was also similar between species. The uptake clearance rates (ml g−1 h−1) of TFM equivalents were generally highest in the gill, but not significantly different than other organ tissues. The normalized concentration of TFM residues (μg per g whole body) was highest in the viscera. The toxicity data suggest that the mortality of both species would be minimal from sea lamprey control treatments with TFM. However, the behavioural effects and accumulation rates also indicate that mussels do not effectively avoid TFM exposure by valve closure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008872021087
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principles of Integrated Instruction for Engagement in Reading (1998)
    Springer
    Educational psychology review 10 (1998), S. 177-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-336X
    Keywords: integrated instruction ; reading instruction ; reading engagement ; cognitive strategy instruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose in this article is to propose a set of design principles to serve as a structural framework for enhancing engagement in reading. We provide a rationale for our emphasis on engagement, which we believe is an important aim of reading instruction. We discuss the sources of the proposed design principles. These design principles consist of a set of features of the classroom context including: conceptual themes, real-world interactions, self-direction, interesting texts, social collaboration, self-expression, cognitive strategy instruction, time for engaged reading, and coherence. We present empirical support from the educational psychology literature for each principle. For illustration, we provide a brief depiction of each principle functioning within a framework of Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI). We emphasize that each principle is dependent on several others, and we describe how the functioning of each principle is contingent on the occurrence of several affiliated principles in the vignettes of CORI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022189603904
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the analytic solution of the lane-emden equation (1995)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 8 (1995), S. 161-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9524
    Keywords: Stellar structure ; cepheids ; decomposition method ; generalization in astrophysics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Lane-Emden equation describing temperature in a star in hydrostatic equilibrium was recently solved analytically by N.T. Shawagfeh [1] with highly accurate results using decomposition [1–9]. Further consideration suggests some computational advantage, avoidance of the initial transformations, possible generalizations in astrophysics, and a measurement to determine masses of the cepheids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187585
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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