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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helix deformation and bistable switching of ferroelectric liquid crystals (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1891-1894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We studied electro-optical properties of 5–13-μm-thick films of a short pitch (0.43 μm) chiral smectic C liquid crystal in bookshelf structure. The anchoring at the silane treated surfaces was relatively weak so that the relaxed bookshelf structure was helical also at the surfaces. Low fields cause only a deformation of the helix. Larger fields unwind the helix and give a quasibistable switching since the helix recovers at zero fields only slowly via a nucleation process. There is an intermediate field range where the sample is in a mixed state: In some areas the helical structure remains stable, while in other areas switching occurs between two unwound states. In the intermediate field range bistable switching with a gray scale is possible. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361091
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniform bookshelf alignment of chiral smectic C films with guided backflow (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2877-2880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a new technique to prepare cells of smectic C* films with a uniform bookshelf texture that can be bistably switched. This is achieved with a homeotropic surface coating with weak anchoring properties. The surface of one plate was modulated by parallel stripes of a polymer which hinder flow perpendicular to the stripes. This gives bias to field induced flow effects and enhances alignment by periodic switching. The resulting texture is uniform with smectic layers normal to the cover plates and parallel to the deposited stripes. The stripes also help to reheal textures with defects. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366120
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of elastic constants and rotational viscosity of micellar liquid crystals by conductivity measurements (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 7372-7377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental study of a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal (CsPFO in a water solution) confined to a cylindrical tube is presented. The structure of the sample is controlled by a magnetic field. A small ac voltage is applied along the tube for conductivity measurements. Elastic constants and conductivity constants of the material are determined from static measurements at different magnetic fields. The method is also used to determine the rotational viscosity γ1 from dynamic response under sudden changes of the magnetic field. The dynamic measurements are analyzed in the framework of the Leslie–Ericksen theory. It is shown that although the dynamic behavior can be qualitatively explained with a single effective rotational viscosity γ1, back flow effects have to be taken into account should the analysis yield consistent values for γ1. The results obtained by this method agree well with other experimental studies. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473698
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO-laser side-band spectrometer: Sub-Doppler heterodyne frequency measurements around 5 µm (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65.Gj ; 33.20.Ea ; 42.72.Ai
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the realization of a tunable sub-Doppler heterodyne spectrometer with high absolute accuracy, employing side-band generation with a CO laser. The fixed-frequency CO-gas laser, working from 4.7 to 8.4µm, is made partially tunable by the use of microwave side-band generation in a CdTe Electro-Optical Modulator (EOM). This leads to tunable radiation of high spectral purity. We describe the design of the microwave EOM, adapted to the CO laser, its performance and its first application to highly accurate frequency measurements. The side-band radiation is used for sub-Doppler stabilization of the CO laser, while the carrier frequency is mixed with the frequencies of two CO2 reference lasers. As a first result, we present measurements of OCS transitions in the 4.9µm (61 THz) region, reaching an absolute accuracy of 30 kHz (Δν/ν = 5×1O−10). Further application of our spectrometer to calibration gases will establish a variety of InfraRed (IR) calibration standards with a new quality of accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090939
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Fracture History and Prospective Bone Fracture Risk of Hemodialysis Patients are Related to Apolipoprotein E Genotype (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 278-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Apolipoprotein E — Genetic — Bone fracture — Hemodialysis — Vitamin K.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. This investigation of 219 hemodialysis patients relates the history and prospective risk of bone fractures to apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype. A greater percentage of the 41 patients with the E3/4 and E4/4 genotypes than of the 38 patients with the E2/3 and E2/2 genotypes had a history of bone fractures at the time of recruitment (44% versus 16%, P 〈 0.005). During the 4 years following recruitment, more of the patients with apoE genotypes E3/4 and E4/4 than with apoE genotypes E2/3 and E2/2 suffered bone fractures, but this difference was not statistically significant (17.1 versus 5.3%, P 〈 0.1). ApoE genotype appears to be an important genetic risk factor for bone fracture, possibly due to its previously reported influence on vitamin K concentrations in blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900430
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence diversity and unusual variability at the het-c locus involved in vegetative incompatibility in the fungus Podospora anserina (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 27 (1995), S. 466-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Vegetative incompatibility ; Filamentous fungi ; Allele variability ; Podospora anserina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The het-c locus of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina controls heterokaryon formation through genetic interaction with alleles of the unlinked loci het-e and het-d. We have isolated four wild-type and two mutant alleles of the het-c locus. A comparison of the predicted proteins encoded by the different wild-type alleles revealed an unusual high level of amino-acid replacements compared to silent polymorphisms but only one amino-acid difference is sufficient to modify the specificity of het-c alleles. Chimeric genes constructed in vitro may exhibit a new specificity different from that of any known wild-type allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular nature of mutations in the mt A-1 gene of the Neurospora crassa A idiomorph and their relation to mating-type function (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Neurospora ; Mating type ; Mutations ; Heterokaryon incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The 293-amino acid mt A-1 ORF of the A mating-type idiomorph of Neurospora crassa is multifunctional. It confers A mating identity and is responsible for heterokaryon incompatibility. The goal of this study was to dissect the functional regions of mt A-1. New mutants of mt A-1 selected for loss of the incompatibility function were obtained. One new mutant, A m99 , was partially fertile as a maternal parent. This is the first time that fertility and incompatibility functions have been separated for the A idiomorph. In this mutant, the mt A-1 ORF is truncated after the first 85 amino acids, indicating that this N-terminal region is minimally sufficient for female fertility. A series of deletion constructs and frameshift alleles of mt A-1 was obtained and tested for male-mating activity and vegetative incompatibility in transformation experiments. These experiments showed that a region from position 1 to 111 is sufficient to confer incompatibility, while amino acids from position 1 to 227 are required for mating activity. A transcriptional analysis of mt A-1 showed that the mRNA is expressed both before and after fertilization. This, together with the phenotype of the A m99 mutant, suggests a post-fertilization function for mt A-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191831
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional analysis of the mtA idiomorph of Neurospora crassa identifies two genes in addition to mtA-1 (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 767-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Mating-type ; Fertility ; Neurospora ; Podospora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In Neurospora crassa, mating and heterokaryon formation between opposite mating-types is controlled by a single locus with two alternate forms termed mt A and mt a. Previously, an open reading frame (mt A-1) that confers mating identity and heterokaryon incompatibility was characterized in the 5.3 kb mt A idiomorph. In this study, we describe the structural and transcriptional characterization of two additional genes in the mt A idiomorph, mt A-2 and mt A-3. The 373 amino acid mt A-2 ORF has 23% identity to the SMR1 ORF of Podospora anserina. DNA sequence analysis of a mutation affecting ascospore formation revealed that the mt A-2 ORF is truncated to 129 amino acids. The 324 amino acid mt A-3 ORF has an HMG domain and shows 22% amino acid identity to SMR2 of P. anserina. Transcripts from mt A-2 and mt A-3 are constitutively expressed during both vegetative and sexual reproduction. The presence of upstream ORFs in the mt A-2 and mt A-3 transcripts suggests the possibility of post-transcriptional regulation of the expression mt A-2 and mt A-3 polypeptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172989
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular nature of mutations in themt A-1 gene of theNeurospora crassa A idiomorph and their relation to mating-type function (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Neurospora ; Mating type ; Mutations ; Heterokaryon incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 293-amino acidmt A-1 ORF of theA mating-type idiomorph ofNeurospora crassa is multifunctional. It confersA mating identity and is responsible for heterokaryon incompatibility. The goal of this study was to dissect the functional regions ofmt A-1. New mutants ofmt A-1 selected for loss of the incompatibility function were obtained. One new mutant,A m99 , was partially fertile as a maternal parent. This is the first time that fertility and incompatibility functions have been separated for theA idiomorph. In this mutant, themt A-1 ORF is truncated after the first 85 amino acids, indicating that this N-terminal region is minimally sufficient for female fertility. A series of deletion constructs and frameshift alleles ofmt A-1 was obtained and tested for male-mating activity and vegetative incompatibility in transformation experiments. These experiments showed that a region from position 1 to 111 is sufficient to confer incompatibility, while amino acids from position 1 to 227 are required for mating activity. A transcriptional analysis ofmt A-1 showed that the mRNA is expressed both before and after fertilization. This, together with the phenotype of theA m99 mutant, suggests a post-fertilization function formt A-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191831
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional analysis of themtA idiomorph ofNeurospora crassa identifies two genes in addition tomtA-1 (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 767-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Mating-type ; Fertility ; Neurospora ; Podospora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract InNeurospora crassa, mating and heterokaryon formation between opposite mating-types is controlled by a single locus with two alternate forms termedmt A andmt a. Previously, an open reading frame (mt A-1) that confers mating identity and heterokaryon incompatibility was characterized in the 5.3 kbmt A idiomorph. In this study, we describe the structural and transcriptional characterization of two additional genes in themt A idiomorph,mt A-2 andmt A-3. The 373 amino acidmt A-2 ORF has 23% identity to theSMR1 ORF ofPodospora anserina. DNA sequence analysis of a mutation affecting ascospore formation revealed that themt A-2 ORF is truncated to 129 amino acids. The 324 amino acidmt A-3 ORF has an HMG domain and shows 22% amino acid identity toSMR2 ofP. anserina. Transcripts frommt A-2 andmt A-3 are constitutively expressed during both vegetative and sexual reproduction. The presence of upstream ORFs in themt A-2 andmt A-3 transcripts suggests the possibility of post-transcriptional regulation of the expressionmt A-2 andmt A-3 polypeptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172989
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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