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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 356 (1996), S. 182-186 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Redox electrodes made of passivated metals of the subgroups IV to VI of the periodic system with a surface coating of n-conducting metal oxides, generated by oxidizing agents or anodic oxidation, are well suited for measuring the concentration of oxidizing agents. Neither oxygen nor reducing agents affect the measurements. There is a correlation between the mean conductivity of the passive layer and its selectivity. The aged n-conducting passive layers permit reproducible potential settings, and the occurring changes in potential are greater than what is to be expected according to the Nernst equation. The potentiometric measuring of nitrosyl ions and chlorine is used as an example to demonstrate the selectivity of these electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: External Crown Fatigue Loading of High and Ultrahigh Pressure Tubes Subjected to Corrosion - a Highly Informative Test Predicting the Crack Growth Behaviour of Tubular Components under Mode II Corrosion Fatigue ConditionsStressing high and ultrahigh pressure tubes by external static or fatigue loads has been qualified as a convenient method to simulate the load case “internal pulsating pressure” by analysing the stress state of thick walled tubes when loaded by internal pressure and external crown loads, respectively. The results of different analytical calculations were compared with that of a Finite-Element-Computation demonstrating, for tubes with nominal pressures in the range of 325-3600 bar, an excellent correspondence.Tests with 86 tube cuttings of steel X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 (W.-No. 1.4571; ASTM UNS S 31635; BS 320531) showed the following results:In air, pulsating pressures of 325 bar (corresponding to the maximum allowable operating pressures) are sustained indefinitely. Under mode II-corrosion fatigue in 0,1 N H2SO4 (30°C) failure occures after 3,8 · 107 mode cycles. A twentyfold H2SO4 concentration will lower the number of cycles to fracture to one tenth of this value without leaving mode II. Under mode II corrosion fatigue crack growth will propagate faster in radial direction than in air, so that leak-before-break under internal pressure will be likely. Crack growth rates in radial direction increased with increasing acid concentration so that the probability for leak-before-break will further increase.Highest priority for the surveillance strategy of components loaded in mode II CF has, however, the prove that crack initiation in this environment is commencing much earlier than in air, and definitely earlier than found for compact specimens tested in a mode II pulsating fatigue or rotating bending test.
    Notes: Der Scheiteldruckversuch wurde als Verfahren zur Simulation der Innendruckschwellbelastung qualifiziert. Hierzu wurde der Spannungszustand dickwandiger Rohre unter Innendruck- bzw. Scheiteldruckbeanspruchung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse verschiedener analytischer Berechnungsverfahren wurden mit denen einer FE-Rechnung verglichen, wobei sich für Rohre (PN 325 - PN 3600) für alle Berechnungsverfahren eine hervorragende Übereinstimmung ergab.An 86 Rohrabschnitten aus dem Stahl X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 (W.-Nr. 1.4571), Nenndruckstufe PN 325, Nennweite DN 45, ergab sich u.a. folgendes: In Luft wird ein Schwelldruck in Höhe des zulässigen Betriebsüberdrucks von 325 bar dauerfest ertragen; unter Modus II-Schwingungsrißkorrosion in 0,1 N H2SO4 (30°C) tritt unter dieser Beanspruchung Versagen nach 3,8 · 107 Lastspielen ein. Eine 20fach höhere H2SO4-Konzentration verringert - ohne daß Modus II verlassen wird - diesen Wert auf ein Zehntel. Bei Schwingungsrißkorrosion Modus II findet ein schnelleres Rißwachstum in die Tiefe statt als in Luft, so daß unter Innendruck Leck-vor-Bruch-Versagen eintreten könnte. Die Rißwachstumsgeschwindigkeit in radialer Richtung steigt mit zunehmender Säurekonzentration, womit sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Leck-vor-Bruch weiter erhöht.Höchsten Stellenwert für die Überwachungsstrategie derart beanspruchter Bauteile hat aber der Nachweis, daß die Rißinitiierung in diesem Medium viel früher beginnt als in Luft und deutlich früher als an kompakten Proben im Modus II-Schwelloder Umlaufbiegeversuch.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A25 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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