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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Premotor lnterneuron Populations on the Frequency of the Spinal Pattern Generator for Swimming in Xenopus Embryos: A Simulation Study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the frequency of neuronal rhythm-generating networks is partly controlled by the size of the active premotor interneuron population. We have tested possible mechanisms for frequency changes in a population model of the Xenopus laevis embryo spinal rhythm-generating networks for swimming. After initiation by a brief sensory excitation, the frequency of swimming activity decreases to a steady level determined by the properties of the 24 interneurons and their connections. The initial frequency decrease was dependent on the time-course of initiating sensory synaptic excitation. When some premotor excitatory interneurons were given weaker synaptic connections to reflect the variability in the spinal cord, they could drop out and stop firing during the initial frequency decrease while swimming activity continued. If the synaptic input of such weak excitatory interneurons was graded finely, they could drop out consecutively. This led to further decreases in the level of tonic excitation and in network frequency which depended on the number, type and distribution of excitatory interneurons that stopped firing. Silent weak excitatory interneurons could be recruited by a second sensory excitation and cause an increase in tonic depolarization and frequency which outlasted the sensory input. Such recruitment could occur on both sides after local sensory stimulation to only one region or one side of the model. We conclude that these computer simulations support the hypothesis that premotor interneuron drop-out and recruitment is one mechanism which can control frequency in a locomotor central pattern generator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00671.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel cluster-derived catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 34 (1995), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: organometallic clusters ; crotonaldehyde hydrogenation ; selective hydrogenation ; novel catalysts for
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The controlled pyrolysis of transition metal cluster substituted metal carboxylates, e.g., M4O[(CO)9Co3CCO2]6, where M = Co and Zn, and M'2(CO)9Co3CCOO4, where M' = Co, Mo, and Cu, results in the formation of high surface area, amorphous solids that are active and selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. In contrast to conventional metal catalysts that are selective for the double bond hydrogenation, these new solids exhibit high regioselectivities for the conversion of crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) to crotyl alcohol (2-butenol). Further, the observed selectivities depend on the metal cluster carboxylate structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806874
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some remarks on Rademacher's theorem in infinite dimensions (1996)
    Springer
    Potential analysis 5 (1996), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-929X
    Keywords: 26E15 ; 60H99 ; Rademacher ; differentiability directions ; quasiinvariance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We provide an infinite dimensional version of Rademacher's theorem in a linear space provided with a bounded Radon measure μ. The underlying concepts of the Lipschitz property and differentiability hold μ-almost everywhere and only in the linear subspace of directions along which μ is quasiinvariant. The particular case where (X, μ) is the Wiener space (and for which the subspace of quasiinvariance coincides with the Cameron-Martin space) was proved in Enchev and Stroock (1993).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Sozialgerichtsgutachten unter Berücksichtigung der Gynäkologie (1997)
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 30 (1997), S. 795-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: – Gewährung von Renten wegen Berufs- oder Erwerbsunfähigkeit, – Renten aus der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung nach Arbeitsunfall oder wegen Berufskrankheit, – Renten im Sozialen Entschädigungsrecht, also z.B. für einen Bundeswehrsoldaten wegen seiner Wehrdienstbeschädigung, und – um die Feststellung einer Behinderung nach dem Schwerbehindertengesetz In all diesen Fällen hat das Gericht gemäߧ 103 des Sozialgerichtsgesetzes (SGG) von Amts wegen auch und oft sogar in erster Linie den medizinischen Sachverhalt aufzuklären. Zu diesem Zweck kann es nach § 106 Abs. 3 Nr. 4 SGG unter anderem Sachverständige vernehmen, wobei es – gemäß dem auch im sozialgerichtlichen Verfahren entsprechend anzuwendenden § 411 der Zivilprozeßordnung (ZPO) – auch zulässig ist, das Gutachten vom Sachverständigen schriftlich erstatten zu lassen. Letzteres ist in der Praxis die Regel. Allerdings gibt § 411 ZPO den Prozeßbeteiligten die Möglichkeit, das Erscheinen des Sachverständigen, der zuvor das schriftliche Gutachten erstattet hat, zur mündlichen Verhandlung zu beantragen, um mit ihm einzelne Fragen mündlich zu erörtern, Zweifel auszuräumen oder insgesamt das Gutachten zu erläutern. In diesen Fällen ist der Sachverständige verpflichtet, vor Gericht zu erscheinen, wozu meist eine Terminabsprache mit ihm erfolgt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral invariance and non-invariance of light generated by partially coherent sources (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.10. Mg ; 07.65. - b ; 42.68. Hf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A basic formula is derived for the spectrum of the field generated by a planar source of any state of spatial coherence. The formula shows clearly the contribution due to diffraction and due to source correlations. The distinction between these two contributions has not been appreciated in some previous publications. Examples are presented illustrating the effect of source correlations on the spectrum of the far field. A brief preliminary account is also presented of a recent investigation by H. Chen and E. Wolf which has shown that it is possible to produce a source whose degree of coherence will act on the spectrum of the source as a low-pass filter with a sharp frequency cut-off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135878
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations for the Detection of Microdefects in Cast Multicrystalline Silicon (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 51-52 (May 1996), p. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/25/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.51-52.87.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron Annihilation Lifetime Study of Pure and Treated Polyvinyl Chloride (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 255-257 (Sept. 1997), p. 366-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.255-257.366.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Finland insulin gene region encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts maximum effect when there is low HLA-DR associated risk (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1223-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin gene ; HLA ; haplotype ; genetic susceptibility ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and polymorphisms of the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (INS) is a consistent finding in Europid populations. While one study suggested that the INS association is restricted to HLA-DR4-positive individuals, studies in other Europid populations have shown the disease-associated INS genotype to confer susceptibility independently of HLA-DR. We have investigated the role of INS in susceptibility to IDDM in Finland, which has the highest incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world, at two polymorphic restriction sites, 5′ and 3′ to the insulin gene. From the DiMe (Childhood Diabetes in Finland) Study we studied 154 diabetic children without regard to HLA-DR type; 108 DR4 positive/non-DR3 diabetic children; 39 DR3 positive/non-DR4 diabetic children; 30 DR4/DR3 positive diabetic children; 31 non-DR4/non-DR3 diabetic children; 96 matched DiMe control subjects and 86 other healthy, non-diabetic Finnish control subjects. We found an overall association between IDDM and INS in the high-risk Finnish population only with the 5′ polymorphism and identified an INS haplotype negatively associated with IDDM in Finland. However, among diabetic subjects with a reduced HLA-associated susceptibility (non-DR4/non-DR3) both 3′ and 5′ INS loci showed an association with IDDM (p values 0.02 and 0.0002, respectively). Thus, in the Finnish population insulin gene-encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts a maximum effect in those with reduced HLA-associated risk. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1223–1229]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422373
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin receptor substrate-1 gene mutations in NIDDM; implications for the study of polygenic disease (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptor substrate-1 ; gene mutations ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Variations in the coding regions of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene have recently been suggested to contribute to the susceptibility of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the IRS-1 missense mutations at codons 972 (glycine to arginine) and 513 (alanine to proline) in two diverse populations from South India and Finland at high risk for NIDDM. DNA was amplified and digested with restriction enzymes BstN1 to detect the codon 972 mutation and Dra III to detect the codon 513 mutation. The codon 513 mutation was not found in the study subjects. The codon 972 mutation was present in 10.3% of 126 middle-aged NIDDM subjects and 5.3% of 95 matched control subjects in the South Indians (p=0.17). In elderly Finnish subjects the frequency of the mutation was 7.5% in 40 NIDDM subjects and 7% in 42 matched control subjects. The frequency of codon 972 mutation in the South Indian NIDDM subjects was very similar to the two previously published studies in Danish and French subjects although each study individually fails to reach conventional levels of significance. The data from all four ethnic groups were analysed together after ascertaining that significant heterogeneity did not exist between the studies. Overall, the frequency of the codon 972 mutation is found in 10.7% NIDDM subjects and 5.8% control subjects (p = 0.02). These studies suggest that the codon 972 mutation of the IRS-1 gene might act as a susceptibility gene predisposing to NIDDM in certain ethnic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410287
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin receptor substrate-1 gene mutations in NIDDM; implications for the study of polygenic disease (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin receptor substrate-1 ; gene mutations ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Variations in the coding regions of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene have recently been suggested to contribute to the susceptibility of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the IRS-1 missense mutations at codons 972 (glycine to arginine) and 513 (alanine to proline) in two diverse populations from South India and Finland at high risk for NIDDM. DNA was amplified and digested with restriction enzymes BstN1 to detect the codon 972 mutation and Dra III to detect the codon 513 mutation. The codon 513 mutation was not found in the study subjects. The codon 972 mutation was present in 10.3 % of 126 middle-aged NIDDM subjects and 5.3 % of 95 matched control subjects in the South Indians (p = 0.17). In elderly Finnish subjects the frequency of the mutation was 7.5 % in 40 NIDDM subjects and 7 % in 42 matched control subjects. The frequency of codon 972 mutation in the South Indian NIDDM subjects was very similar to the two previously published studies in Danish and French subjects although each study individually fails to reach conventional levels of significance. The data from all four ethnic groups were analysed together after ascertaining that significant heterogeneity did not exist between the studies. Overall, the frequency of the codon 972 mutation is found in 10.7 % NIDDM subjects and 5.8 % control subjects (p = 0.02). These studies suggest that the codon 972 mutation of the IRS-1 gene might act as a susceptibility gene predisposing to NIDDM in certain ethnic groups. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 481–486]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410287
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