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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum well states and magnetic coupling between noble metals and ferromagnets (invited) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5771-5775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have searched for the electronic states that mediate oscillatory magnetic coupling in superlattices, and have found strong evidence that these are quantum well states, which are created by quantizing the momentum of s,p-band states perpendicular to the interfaces. In noble metal layers on ferromagnets we find such states at the Fermi level, where they are able to influence magnetic coupling and transport. They exhibit several traits connecting them with oscillatory magnetic coupling, such as periodicity and spin polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353569
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromagnetic properties of ultrathin cobalt films : 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct−1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5000-5002 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of the magnetic domain structures of ultrathin fcc cobalt films epitaxially grown on Cu (001) have been examined using an ultrahigh vacuum surface magneto-optic Kerr effect instrument. The evolution of magnetic behavior is observed for film thicknesses ranging from 1.4 to 7.5 monolayers. The coercivity is sensitive to film growth temperature and thermal cycling history. The coercivity decreases with diminishing film thickness and falls to very low values for the thinnest layers. The results are discussed in terms of Néel domain-wall micromagnetics for ultrathin films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348151
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reorientation phase transition behavior in metastable epitaxial cobalt-copper alloys : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5929-5931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report experimental results on the ferromagnetic critical behavior of cobalt and metastable cobalt-copper alloy two-dimensional layers CuxCo1−x epitaxially grown on Cu(001). Copper alloying reduces the magnitude of the cobalt magnetic moment and introduces a magnetization component normal to the film. Reorientation of the magnetization back into the plane occurs via a second-order phase transition at a temperature which is lower than the film Curie temperature. We discuss these results in light of the recent predictions of Pescia and Pokrovsky.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoemission from strained epitaxial magnetic layers (abstract) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5417-5417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The important question of the effect of lattice strain on the electronic band structure of strained magnetic layers is addressed. Specifically, we compare high-resolution angle-resolved (k-dependent) photoemission from metastable fcc cobalt films with those from metastable fcc iron films, both epitaxed to a Cu(001) substrate as a function of film thickness over a range of 1–10 monolayers. The cobalt films show the effect of a stable magnetic moment in a homogeneously strained film. The iron films show more complex behavior indicative of inhomogeneous strain associated with an unstable magnetic moment and strong surface magnetic anisotropy effects. The photoemission measurements are compared with in situ magnetometry measurements using the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE).1
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-size scaling behavior of ferromagnetic thin films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6760-6762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used molecular-beam epitaxy to grow high-quality pseudomorphic Ni and Co1Ni9 films on Cu(001). From temperature-dependent surface magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements of these films, we have determined the finite-size scaling behavior of the Curie temperature of ultrathin films for a thickness range of n=2.5–16 monolayers (ML). The film thickness dependent Curie temperature for each of these ferromagnetic thin-film systems, TC(n), is described by a finite-size scaling formula: [TC(∞) − TC(n)]/TC(n) = [(n − n')/n0]−1/ν, where TC(∞) is the bulk Curie temperature, n0=2.5±0.5 ML for Co films and 3.5±0.4 ML for Ni and Co1Ni9 films is the microscopic length scale, and ν=0.76±0.08 is the bulk correlation length exponent. An interesting result is that TC(n) extrapolates to zero in the single mononolayer limit, n'=1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352477
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterodyne technique for potential modulation differentiation (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1475-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A potential modulation differentiation technique which uses heterodyne modulation is presented. The second derivative I‘(V) of the collected current I(V) is obtained by modulating the voltage V using two synchronized signals with angular frequencies Kω0 and (K − 1)ω0, K(very-much-greater-than)1, and detecting the component of the collected current with angular frequency ω0. This technique eliminates problems caused by stray capacitively coupled signals and harmonic distortions produced by the signal generator and the preamplifiers. It can be applied to techniques in which the desired signal is the second derivative of the collected current, such as retarding field Auger electron spectroscopy, appearance potential spectroscopy, and work-function measurements. Auger spectra obtained using a multigrid retarding field analyzer and the proposed modulation technique show that only three grids are needed rather than the four grids required in the conventional experimental setup. Furthermore, there is no need for resonant filters or neutralization (bridge) amplifiers, and the high dynamic range commercial lock-in amplifier can be replaced by a circuit based on a single chip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142471
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin reorientation transition in Ni films on Cu(100) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6434-6436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic anisotropy of Ni films grown on single-crystal Cu(100) was studied in situ using the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. The easy axis of magnetization lies in the plane of the film for ultrathin films and it is perpendicular to the film above a switching thickness. This behavior is attributed to a specific contribution to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy induced by a change in the film microstructure above a critical thickness. In the Ni/Cu(100) system, the magnetoelastic interface anisotropy favors perpendicular magnetization which becomes comparable to the shape anisotropy at the switching thickness. We compare the switching thickness and magnetization of films grown using different processing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358240
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of keV x-ray generation on the temporal and spatial separation of two KrF laser pulses (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5047-5053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation of keV x-ray emission from plasma produced by a 15 mJ 90 ps KrF laser pulse focused to an 8 μm spot on a copper target preceded by a similar 8 mJ pulse is studied experimentally. The change in efficiency of generation of keV x rays by the second pulse due to the presence of plasma produced by the preceding laser pulse on target is investigated as a function of the spatial and temporal separation of the laser pulses. When closely overlapped in space and time the pair of pulses behave like a single higher intensity pulse. When separated in space by more than 100 μm the two pulses behave independently generating x rays at the same rate as they would as two separate pulses. However, when overlapped in space and separated in time the x-ray generation by the second pulse is enhanced for small temporal separations and then suppressed for larger temporal separations due to the plasma created by the first pulse. These results can be explained by the initial production of hot plasma which enhances x-ray generation followed by the production of an extended colder plasma from the unloading of the shock heated target surface which suppresses keV x-ray production by the second pulse. The observed time of transition from enhancement to reduction of x-ray generation agrees with the time for the hot initial plasma due to the first laser pulse to expand and cool significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357216
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetism in ultrathin metastable films of fcc Fe, Co, and Ni (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4051-4056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have applied spin-polarized neutron reflection at a grazing angle of incidence to study the ferromagnetic behavior of thin magnetic films down to the monolayer thickness level. The reflected intensities I+ and I− for spin parallel (+) or antiparallel (−) to the sample magnetization are measured near the angle θc for total reflection: deviation of the flipping ratio F=I+/I− from unity occurs only for ferromagnetic ordering. In general, deviations of F from unity are so small that an accurate determination of the magnetic moment per atom μ is not possible. The success of the present experiments relies on the enhancement (∼500×) of the magnetic signal when the film is overcoated with a nonmagnetic layer of thickness sufficient to produce constructive interference in the reflected neutron wave field. With this method, we have determined the magnetic moments in films of the metastable fcc phases of Fe and Co, grown epitaxially on Cu(001) single-crystal substrates. The fcc Fe(001) films have lowered Curie temperatures TC below 400 K for thicknesses less than 5 monolayers, similar to Ni films. In contrast, the Co(001) films exhibit a constant value of μ≈μbulk=1.8μB down to a single monolayer thickness over the same temperature range. The fcc Fe films exhibit unusual magnetic anisotropy properties which are structure and strain related, as determined by low-energy electron diffraction measurements. The results are discussed in the context of three- to two-dimensional magnetic scaling theories and predictions derived from local-spin-density functional calculations of the magnetic moments per atom as a function of volume strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340545
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operational characteristics of a gas discharge stabilized by a rotating magnetic field (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3616-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The operational characteristics of a gas discharge under the influence of a transverse rotating magnetic field are described. The terminal characteristics and measurements of gas-discharge temperature are presented. Experimental results indicate that a transverse rotating magnetic field can improve gas-discharge stability and useful power deposition into the plasma. A 25% increase in discharge power loading has been demonstrated by using this discharge-stabilization technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339264
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