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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1955-1959
  • Lung stretch  (2)
  • hyperglycemia  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of spontaneous breathing during high-frequency jet ventilation (1987)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 13 (1987), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: PEEP ; Lung stretch ; Respiratory drive ; Carbon dioxide ; Piglets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ventilatory frequency of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) from 1 to 5 Hz, apart from changes in thoracic volume, on spontaneous breathing activity was studied in Yorkshire piglets under pentobarbital anesthesia. The highest PaCO2 at which the animals did not breathe against the ventilator (apnea point) was established either by changing minute volume of ventilation or by adding CO2 to the respiratory gas. The higher the apnea point, the higher the suppression of spontaneous breathing activity was assumed to be. If the apnea point was searched for by changing minute volume a progressive increase of suppression of spontaneous respiratory activity was found at ventilatory rates of 3 Hz or more, concomitantly with a rise in end-expiratory pressure (PEE). In case the tidal volume was kept constant, increase of ventilatory rate resulted in a tremendous increase of lung volume, together with considerably higher levels of PEE. When under these conditions the apnea point was searched for by adding CO2 to the respiratory gas a much higher CO2-drive was needed for spontaneous breathing and therefore a much stronger inhibition of spontaneous breathing was concluded. By placing the animals in a body box in which pressure could be varied, thoracic volume could be kept constant during HFJV. When thoracic volume was kept constant in this way a constant tidal volume at increasing jet frequencies resulted in only a slight increase in suppression of spontaneous breathing. We conclude that the increase in lung volume is a major factor in suppressing central respiratory activity during HFJV. Jet frequency by itself might be an additional suppressive factor. Airway CO2 did not seem to have an important effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255786
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alveolar pressure during high-frequency jet ventilation (1990)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Intrinsic PEEP ; Ventilatory pattern ; Lung volume ; Lung stretch ; piglets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the influence of ventilatory frequency (1–5 Hz), tidal volume, lung volume and body position on the end-expiratory alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in Yorkshire piglets. The animals were anesthetized and paralysed. Alveolar pressure was estimated with the clamp off method, which was performed by a computer controlled ventilator and which had been extensively tested on its feasibility. The alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference increased with increasing frequency and with increasing tidal volume, the common determinant appearing to be the mean expiratory flow. The effects in prone and in supine position were similar. Increasing thoracic volume decreased the alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference indicating a dependence of this pressure difference on airway resistance. We concluded that the main factors determining the alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference (ΔP) during HFJV are expiratory flow (V′E) and airway resistance (R), ΔP≃V′E×R.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01706322
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intravenous glucose on intravenous amino acid-induced gallbladder contraction and CCK secretion (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 268-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: hyperglycemia ; amino acids ; parenteral nutrition ; gallbladder motility ; cholecystokinin ; pancreatic polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acute hyperglycemia on the gallbladder contraction induced by intravenous administration of high doses of amino acids (Vamin 18, 250 mg protein/kg/hr). Six healthy volunteers were studied in random order on two occasions during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia with blood glucose levels stabilized at 15 mmol/liter. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied for 60 min before and for 120 min during intravenous infusion of amino acids (IVAA). Administration of IVAA resulted in a significant reduction (P〈0.05) in gallbladder volume from 32±5 cm3 to 17±2 cm3 during normolgycemia. During hyperglycemia no significant changes in gallbladder volume were observed in response to IVAA. No significant changes in plasma CCK concentration, the major hormonal stimulus for gallbladder contraction, occurred in response to IVAA. During hyperglycemia, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion, as an indirect measure of vagal cholinergic tone, in response to IVAA was significantly (P〈0.05) reduced compared to normoglycemia. It is concluded that: (1) administration of high doses of IVAA results in significant gallbladder contraction, (2) high doses of IVAA do not stimulate CCK secretion, (3) acute hyperglycemia inhibits IVAA-induced gallbladder contraction, and (4) acute hyperglycemia inhibits basal and stimulated plasma PP secretion, suggesting impaired vagal-cholinergic tone during hyperglycemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02090196
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperglycemia modulates gallbladder motility and small intestinal transit time in man (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 2228-2235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: hyperglycemia ; gallbladder ; intestinal transit ; pancreatic polypeptide ; cholecystokinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute hyperglycemia on (1) the intestinal phase of gallbladder contraction induced by the intraduodenal administration of emulsified fat, and (2) the small intestinal transit time measured by the lactulose breath hydrogen test. Six healthy volunteers were studied in random order during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia (blood glucose levels 15 mmol/liter). Gallbladder volumes were measured with ultrasonography. Administration of 1 and 2 g/hr of fat resulted in significant reductions in gallbladder volumes from 24±2 cm3 to 11±1 cm3 (P〈0.05) and 8±1 cm3 (P〈0.05), respectively during normoglycemia, and from 24±2 cm3 to 21±2 cm3 (P〈0.05) and 16±2 cm3, respectively (P〈0.05) during hyperglycemia. Compared to normoglycemia, the gallbladder contraction was significantly (P〈0.05) reduced during hyperglycemia. No significant differences in CCK secretion were observed between experiments. Small intestinal transit time during hyperglycemia (101±12 min) was significantly (P〈0.05) prolonged compared to normoglycemia (57±12 min). During hyperglycemia, basal PP levels and PP secretion in response to intraduodenal fat were significantly (P〈0.05) reduced compared to normoglycemia. It is concluded that (1) low doses of intraduodenal emulsified fat result in significant gallbladder contraction and CCK secretion, (2) acute hyperglycemia inhibits intraduodenal fat induced gallbladder contraction, (3) acute hyperglycemia does not affect the intraduodenal fat induced CCK secretion, (4) small intestinal transit is significantly prolonged during acute hyperglycemia, and (5) acute hyperglycemia inhibits basal and stimulated plasma PP secretion, suggesting impaired vagal-cholinergic tone during hyperglycemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01299901
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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