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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 49 (1945), S. 93-107 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 2091-2092 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 2833-2836 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 3657-3659 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 9359-9366 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 1294-1299 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 6536-6542 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We develop a second-order response theory to investigate the effects of external periodic perturbations on a chemical reaction at a stable steady state in an open reactor. We apply the theory to the quadratic Schlögl model, a single-variable nonlinear reaction. In the presence of oscillating reactant or product concentrations or oscillating rate coefficients, the average intermediate concentration, the fluxes, and the dissipation are each a Lorentzian function of frequency with midpoint at the inverse relaxation time of the system. Thus even very short relaxation times can be determined by measuring average rates as a function of frequency of the perturbation. The amplitude of the Lorentzian depends on the chemical mechanism of the reaction and is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the applied perturbation. We also show that energy from the perturbation can be used to drive the reaction in a direction opposite of that predicted by the Gibb's free energy difference of reactants and products, even under circumstances where the overall affinity is independent of the perturbation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 3559-3568 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Periodic perturbations are applied to the input fluxes of reactants in a system which exhibits autonomous oscillations, the combustion of acetaldehyde (ACH) and oxygen, and a system which exhibits damped oscillations, the combustion of methane and oxygen. The ACH system is studied by experiments and numerical analysis and the methane system is studied by numerical analysis. The periodic perturbations are in the form of a two-term Fourier series. Such perturbations may generate multiple attractors, which are either periodic or chaotic. We discuss two types of bistable responses: a new phase bistability, in which a subharmonic frequency is added to a sinusoidal perturbation at different phases relative to the periodic response; and jump phenomena, in which the resonant frequency of a nonlinear oscillator depends on the amplitude of the periodic perturbation. Both the ACH and the methane systems confirm the phase bistability. The additional complex behavior of bistability due to jump phenomena is seen only in calculations in the methane system. In both types of bistability a hysteresis loop is formed as we vary the form of the periodic perturbation. In the methane system, we find period doubling to chaos occuring on one branch of the hysteresis loop while the other branch remains periodic. The methane system has been studied in the context of the efficiency of power production. We calculate the efficiency corresponding to each bistable attractor and find one branch of each pair to be the more efficient mode of operation. In the case of the coexisting periodic and chaotic attractors the chaotic attractor is the more efficient mode of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 2572-2581 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We consider chemical reactions occurring in a compartment separated by semipermeable membranes from reservoirs of reactant and product, both held at constant pressure. In earlier work, we have developed a nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory applicable to systems with a single reactive intermediate, and we have established a link between the thermodynamic and stochastic analyses of such systems. Here we show that our results generalize directly to cases with two or more reactive intermediates, if the reaction mechanism is nonautocatalytic, or if the system is evolving toward an equilibrium steady state in the reaction compartment without first exhausting the reactant or product reservoir. Starting with nonautocatalytic mechanisms, we identify effective driving forces for each intermediate; we then obtain the driving force for an arbitrary system by mapping to an instantaneously equivalent nonautocatalytic system. The driving force can be cast thermodynamically in terms of the difference between the actual chemical potential of the intermediate and its chemical potential at a reference state (the steady state of the instantaneously equivalent nonautocatalytic system); it can also be cast kinetically in terms of reactive fluxes in the instantaneously equivalent system. Taking the product of the driving force and the net flux of each intermediate and then summing over the species gives a term in the dissipation that is specific to the intermediates. This term is minimized at nonequilibrium steady states, unlike the total dissipation (or entropy production). For the nonautocatalytic or equilibrating systems, an integral of the driving forces yields a Liapunov function for the evolution of the reaction chamber toward the steady state. The same integral also determines the stationary solution of the birth–death master equation for the species numbers of intermediates in the reaction compartment; this generalizes the Einstein relation for the probability of equilibrium fluctuations to far-from-equilibrium conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 1947-1955 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We compare theory and experiments on relative stability of the two stable stationary states in optically bistable ZnSe interference filters. We examine the equistability predictions of the master equation, the Fokker–Planck equation, and a deterministic analysis. For this effectively one-variable system there exists a potential for each of these descriptions. We derive a master and Fokker–Planck equation for the fluctuations in temperature expected in our system and find that the three theoretical potentials differ significantly for homogeneous geometries of the system, but the stochastic predictions agree with the deterministic equistability point for inhomogeneous systems. We also examine the effect of external noise, which is independent of the state variable, and find that a very small amount of noise reduces the equistability prediction of the homogeneous master and Fokker–Planck equations to that of the deterministic potential. Noise in the constraints (such as light intensity) results in a new effective potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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