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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical simulation of bioseparation in an affinity packed column (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 422-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Affinity chromatography (biospecific adsorption) relies on specific interactions of biological molecules such as enzymes, antigens, antibodies, and proteins. The process consists of three steps: adsorption, washing, and elution. A mathematical model including convection, diffusion, and reversible reaction is formulated to analyse the breakthrough behaviour of the solute. A moving finite element orthogonal collocation method is applied with respect to the space variables of the governing partial differential equations of the model to evaluate the breakthrough of the solute. Danckwerts' boundary conditions are considered for the column. The validity of the numerical scheme is checked by comparison with an analytical solution for a simplified model. The results obtained from model simulation show that the breakthrough time of the solute is significantly influenced by the axial dispersion coefficient, solute concentration, ligand content, reaction kinetics, particle porosity, particle size, and flow rate. Solute recovery and bed utilisation efficiencies are evaluated for different values of the above parameters.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270170610
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of chlorinated atactic polypropylene (CAPP) and PVC-DOP-CAPP system (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1485-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The electrical properties, such as dielectric properties and volume resistivity, of chlorinated atactic polypropylene(CAPP), obtained by thermal chlorination of APP, have been studied. The results show that dielectric constant, loss tangent, and volume resistivity of the chlorinated samples increase with the increase in degree of chlorination. The effect of CAPP as secondary plasticizer in the PVC-DOP system has also been studied. Dielectric study of PVC compounds shows a single relaxation peak, indicating no phase separation. In the case of PVC compounds, it has been observed that with the increase in CAPP content in PVC compounds dielectric constant and loss tangent decrease whereas volume resistivity increases. The increase in volume resistivity was further supported by the increase in activation energy value, obtained from volume resistivity vs. 1/T plot.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390707
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal studies on brominated atactic polypropylene (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 773-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal behavior of brominated atactic polypropylene (BAPP), obtained by thermal bromination of atactic polypropylene (APP), was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It was found that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) and char yield increase with the increase in bromine content while integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) showed a decreasing trend. A comparative study of these value in inert and oxidative atmospheres has been made. DTA study shows that onset decomposition temperature (ODT) and glass transition temperature (Tg) increase with the increase in degree of bromination. The possible reasons for the occurring phenomena have been discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion studies of tyre cords with rubber. I. Synthesis and characterization of natural rubber graft copolymers (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glycidyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone have been grafted onto natural rubber at 32°C using the simultaneous cobalt-60 irradiation technique. The natural rubber samples were swollen in the monomers for 24 h and thereafter subjected to gamma irradiation. The homopolymers formed in the graft copolymerization reactions and unreacted monomer were removed by solvent extraction using acetone and methanol for glycidyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone monomer, respectively. The influence of total dose and monomer concentration on the graft parameters was investigated. The dependence of the rate of grafting on the monomer concentration was found to be 0.93 and 0.80 for glycidyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone, respectively. DSC and TGA studies of the polymers were undertaken. Grafted copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate were relatively less thermally stable compared with ungrafted natural rubber.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. II. Effect of solvents (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2655-2661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers by simultaneous-gamma ray irradiation technique was carried out. The effect of various solvents on grafting was studied. The results have been presented in terms of swelling behavior of polypropylene fiber and the extent of homopolymerization. An accelerative effect upon the rate of grafting was observed when benzene was partly replaced by methanol. At the dose rate of 24 rad/s and monomer concentration of 3 mol/L, a maximum in the rate of grafting was observed with 40% methanol fraction in the benzene-methanol mixture. However, a further increase in the methanol fraction in the solvent mixture resulted in a sharp decrease in the rate of grafting. No grafting was observed in pure methanol. This behavior has been explained in terms of the inhibitory action of methanol for polymerization of methacrylic acid and the extent of swelling of polypropylene fiber in various compositions of benzene-methanol mixture.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300628
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-Induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. V. Mechanical properties (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 3365-3368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical properties of polypropylene-g-poly(methacrylic acid) fibers, prepared by graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fiber using simultaneous gamma ray irradiation technique, were evaluated. In general, an improvement in the mechanical behavior of the polypropylene fiber by grafting was observed. Denier and initial modulus of the fiber showed a linear increase with the percent graft, and elongation showed an opposite trend. The results have been explained in terms of reinforcing effect of poly(methacrylic acid) grafts and reduction in the segmental mobility of the polymeric chains. Tenacity also increases up to certain graft level, beyond which a sharp decrease occurs, probably due to the influence on the compactness of the macromolecular chains with the further grafting.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300818
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. I. Effect of synthesis conditions (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2643-2653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The gamma radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers was investigated by simultaneous - irradiation technique. The effect of various synthesis conditions on the graft content was studied. At a constant dose, the percent grafting was found to be higher at low dose rate. For all the dose rates, a linear increase in the grafting was observed up to 0.25 Mrad, beyond which the grafting levelled off. Percent grafting also increased continuously with increasing monomer concentration up to 4.0 mol/L, but a linear increase in grafting was observed only up to 2.0 mol/L. The initial rate of grafting increased with the increase in dose rate and monomer concentration. The dependence of rate of grafting on dose rate and monomer concentration was found to be 0.70 and 1.71, respectively. The effect of liquor ratio upon grafting was also studied.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300627
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers VI. Dyeing behavior (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4455-4466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dyeing behavior of polypropylene-g-polymethacrylic acid fibers prepared by graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers by gamma-ray irradiation was evaluated for their dyeability characteristics using two basic dyes, rhodamine B and methylene blue. An increase in the dye uptake and moisture regain with the increase in graft content was observed. Such behavior has been attributed to the hydrophilicity imparted to polypropylene fiber by the presence of polar carboxyl groups in polymethacrylic acid grafts. The dependence of rate of dyeing on the percentage graft was evaluated. The diffusion coefficient of the fiber showed an increase with the increase in graft content and has been related to the structural changes occurring during grafting.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of heat treatment on nylon-6 tire cords (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4417-4429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of nylon-6 tire cords at elevated temperature has been evaluated. The heat treatment of cords at 200°C for 16 h was found to reduce their tensile properties considerably. This has been attributed to the decrease in average molecular weight and change in molecular weight distribution as ascertained by fractionation studies. Heat setting of cords in the temperature range of 180-210°C without any applied tension showed some decrease in tensile properties. This has been ascribed to the higher degree of shrinkage of the cords and hence increased chain folding in the molecular structure. However, irrespective of time and temperature of heat treatment, shrinkage was reduced with increasing tension on the cord. Effect of heat setting on density and crystallinity was also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. III. Characterization (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2253-2262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene-g-polymethacrylic acid graft copolymer, prepared by simultaneous-irradiation technique, was characterized to determine the structural changes, occurring in the copolymer. The presence of polymethacrylic acid graft in the copolymer was ascertained by infrared spectroscopy. Crystallinity of the grafted fibers, as deduced from X-ray diffraction pattern, showed a decrease with the increase in graft level in the fiber. Such a behavior has been attributed to the dilution of crystalline fraction of polypropylene by the incorporation of amorphous polymethacrylic acid chains in the fiber matrix, without disrupting the original crystallites of the backbone polymer. The density of the grafted samples showed a continuous increase with the increase in percent graft. However, the diameter did not change up to 16% graft content, beyond which an increase in the diameter was observed. This increase in diameter has been related with the sharp increase in disperse dye uptake of the grafted fiber at higher levels of grafting.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300536
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