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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (10)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (14)
  • Basidiomycete  (2)
  • Dopamine  (2)
  • ALCOHOL
  • Lignin model compounds
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homologous transformation of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 19 (1991), S. 491-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; DNA transformation ; Basidiomycete ; Adenine biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A clone containing the Phanerochaete chrysosporium ade1 gene was isolated from a λEMBL3 genomic library using the ade5 gene encoding aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase, from Schizophyllum commune, as a probe. A 6.0 kb fragment incorporating the ade1 gene was subcloned into pUC18 (pADE1) and used to transform the P. chrysosporium ade1 auxotrophic strain. Transformation frequencies were similar to those obtained previously with the S. commune ade5 gene; however, homologous transformants arose earlier than heterologous transformants. The transformants were mitotically and meiotically stable and Southern blot analysis indicated that the plasmid, pADE1, integrated ectopically in single or multiple copies. The pADE1 insert was mapped for restriction sites and the approximate location of the ade1 gene within the insert was determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312741
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition in rats by haloperidol and ondansetron: Implications for a possible antipsychotic action of ondansetron (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 657-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Latent inhibition ; Dopamine ; Ondansetron ; 5HT3 antagonists ; Amphetamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Latent inhibition (LI) is a behavioural phenomenon whereby preexposure to a stimulus without reinforcement interferes with the formation of subsequent associations to that stimulus. Using preexposure to a tone stimulus which subsequently serves as a conditioned stimulus for suppression of licking, we have confirmed that LI is disrupted by a low dose of amphetamine. Haloperidol was able to prevent this effect of amphetamine. Ondansetron, a selective and potent 5HT3 receptor antagonist, was also shown to be effective at blocking the amphetamine-induced disruption of LI at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg, but not at 0.1 mg/kg. In addition, it was demonstrated that ondansetron could enhance LI; using only ten preexposures, no LI was obtained in the saline group, but was apparent in animals given ondansetron, an effect which has been previously shown with haloperidol. Haloperidol, at the higher dose used, reduced suppression of licking, however, ondansetron at the effective dose had no such effect. It is concluded that ondansetron is able to attenuate increases in dopamine activity, produced pharmacologically with amphetamine without affecting baseline dopamine activity. The implications of these findings for a possible antipsychotic action of ondansetron are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244998
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine blocks latent inhibition in rats: evidence for a critical role of increased functional activity of dopamine in the mesolimbic system at conditioning rather than pre-exposure (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Latent inhibition ; Dopamine ; N. accumbens ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Latent inhibition (LI) is a cognitive process whereby repeated exposure of a stimulus without consequence impedes the formation of subsequent associations with that stimulus. A number of studies in the rat have reported that LI is impaired by moderate systemic doses of amphetamine, an effect believed to be mediated via dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens. We and others have reported that nicotine has a selective effect in releasing DA in the accumbens rather than the caudate nucleus. We have therefore examined the ability of nicotine to disrupt LI, using a conditioned emotional response paradigm. Pre-exposure of a tone stimulus impaired subsequent conditioning between that stimulus and mild footshock, as indexed by suppression of licking by the tone subsequently presented alone. This LI effect was prevented, by an effect confined to the pre-exposed group, by doses of 0.4 or 0.6 mg/kg nicotine SC, which are accumbens selective, given before pre-exposure and before conditioning. The effect of nicotine in disrupting LI was prevented by prior administration of haloperidol at a dose (0.5 mg/kg) reported to reverse the disruptive effect of amphetamine on LI. Although the amphetamine effect requires two administrations, the effect of two administrations of nicotine was reproduced by a single dose of nicotine given before conditioning, but not by a single dose before pre-exposure. The results are discussed in relation to studies in human control and schizophrenic subjects, which suggest that increased DA activity in humans is also associated with impaired LI. The results indicate that nicotine does indeed increase functional DA activity in the rat accumbens; the consequent disruption of LI critically depends upon an action at the time of conditioning, and is independent of processes which occur during pre-exposure. In more general terms, this indicates the potential of drug experiments to complement behavioural studies on the mechanism of latent inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246971
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and transformation of uracil auxotrophs of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1993)
    Springer
    Current genetics 23 (1993), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; DNA transformation ; Basidiomycete ; Uracil auxotrophs ; Homothallism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Uracil auxotrophs of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated using 5-fluoroorotate resistance as a selection scheme. The ura3 auxotrophs deficient in orotidylate decarboxylase and ura5 auxotrophs deficient in orotate phosphoribosyl transferase were characterized by enzyme assays and complementation tests. The ura5 auxotrophs were transformed to prototrophy with the ura5 gene from the ascomycete Podospora anserina. The ura3 auxotrophs were transformed to prototrophy with the ura3 gene from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. The P. chrysosporium ura3 gene was isolated from a γEMBL3 genomic library using the S. commune ura3 gene as a probe. A 6.6-kb fragment incorporating the ura3 gene was subcloned into Bluescript SK+(pURA3.1) and used to transform P. chrysosporium ura3 auxotrophic strains. The pURA3.1 insert was mapped for restriction sites and the approximate location of the ura3 gene within the insert was determined. Double auxotrophic strains were transformed with either of two marker genes and the resulting single auxotrophic strains were crossed to demonstrate genetic recombination between two nuclei of identical genetic background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310898
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the morphology and function of primary cilia in connective tissues:A cellular cybernetic probe? (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 175-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: primary cilia ; connective tissues ; secretory organelles ; extracellular matrix ; cybernetic probe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: More than 300 primary cilia have been identified electronmicroscopically in a variety of embryonic and mature connective tissue cells. To further define the enigmatic function of these cilia, we examined the interrelationships between the basal apparatus and cytoplasmic organelles and the ciliary shaft and the extracellular matrix. The basal diplosome was consistently associated with the secretory organelles including the maturing face of the Golgi complex, Golgi vacuoles and vesicles, the microtubular network, the plasma membrane, and coated pits and vesicles. Small vesicles and amorphous granules were also observed within the ciliary lumen and adjacent to the ciliary membrane. Microtubule-membrane bridges linked axonemal tubules to the ciliary membrane. The position, projection, and orientation of the axoneme were influenced by the structural organisation and mechanical properties of the matrix and frequently caused angulation of the ciliary shaft relative to the basal body. Located midway between the secretory apparatus and the extracellular matrix, primary cilia would appear ideally situated to mediate the necessry interaction between the cell and its surrounding environment prerequisite to the formation and maintenance of a functionally effective matrix. We propose that primary cilia in connective tissue cells could act as multifunctional, cellular cybernetic probes, receiving, transducing, and conducting a variety of extrinsic stimuli to the intracellular organelles responsible for effecting the appropriate homeostatic feedback response to changes in the extracellular microenvironment.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second messenger function of phosphatidic acid in platelet activation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is synthesized as the result of the receptor-mediated response of platelets to physiologic agonists. The role of PA in platelet signal transduction, however, is largely unknown. We have examined the responses of platelets to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid (SAPA), the predominant molecular species of human platelet PA. SAPA alone causes platelet aggregation, and pretreatment of platelets with SAPA markedly enhances thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion. Addition of SAPA to intact human platelets causes rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the generation of diacylglycerol and endogenous PA. These reactions are associated with mobilization of intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C. SAPA also stimulates the release of endogenous arachidonic acid and its conversion to thromboxane A2. Furthermore, platelet activation by SAPA is blocked by indomethacin, indicating that the actions of SAPA are mediated by cyclooxygenase products. These findings suggest that SAPA may play an important role as an endogenous positive feedback signal to amplify receptor-mediated activation of PIP2-specific phospholipase C in human platelets.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing and decreasing protein stability: Effects of revertant substitutions on the thermal denaturation of phage λ repressor (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 29 (1985), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mutant repressors ; differential scanning calorimetry ; protein stability ; thermal denaturation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The thermal denaturations of five revertant λ repressors containing single amino acid substitutions in their N-terminal domains have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Two substitutions slightly decrease stability, and the remaining three render the protein more stable than wild type. The Gly48 → Asn and Gly48 → Ser proteins are 4°C more stable than wild type. These two substitutions replace an α helical residue, and in each case a poor helix forming residue, glycine, is replaced by a residue with a higher helical propensity. We also present data showing that one revertant, Tyr22 → Phe, has reduced operator DNA binding affinity despite its enhanced stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240290306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subperitoneal layer of elastic fibers in the female pelvis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 4 (1991), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: connective tissue ; gross anatomy ; histology ; pelvic fascia ; ligaments ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A preliminary report from this group described a unique layer of subperitoneal elastic fibers in the female pelvis. The current study was undertaken to better characterize this elastic layer in the female and determine if it exists in the male pelvis. Thirty-seven hemipelves were used in this study and were employed for one of two purposes: dissection and/or sampling for histologic study. The following histologic stains were employed: Verhoeff's hematoxylin for elastic fibers, Masson's trichrome for collagen, and hematoxylin and eosin for general morphology. In some areas (broad ligament) the subperitoneal elastic layer was very thin with dispersed fibers while in other areas (uterosacral fold) the layer was thick with tightly packed fibers. A subperitoneal layer of elastic fibers was not detected in samples from the greater omentum; however, a dense but poorly organized layer of elastic fibers was noted between the posterior layer of the rectus sheath and the peritoneum. While a similar layer of elastic fibers was found in the male pelvis, the layer was less dense and less well organized than in the female. These findings indicate that in addition to the well-accepted pelvic ligaments, in the female there may be a layer of elastic fibers that assists in supporting pelvic viscera in a more dynamic manner than the ligaments. Proper alignment or manipulation of this layer during reconstructive surgery may enhance postoperative results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980040606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermophagy in semen in the red wolf, Canis rufus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Canine sperm ; Pyospermia ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The red wolf (Canis rufus) is an endangered species with 194 individuals remaining in the wild and in various captive facilities. Breeding efforts at the Graham, WA site (Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium) have involved artificial insemination with fresh or frozen semen in an effort to increase population and maximize the genetic potential of the stock. Electron microscopic observations were made in semen specimens obtained by electroejaculation from mature males prior to their use in an effort to determine semen parameters that might be useful in guiding breeding procedures. Sperm samples were either fixed immediately or treated with capacitating media and fixed after 4 to 7 hr of incubation. Many of the specimens examined were pyospermic (white cell in semen) and showed evidence of spermophagy, primarily by neutrophils. Of the six animals surveyed, only one showed little evidence of spermophagy, and three had extensive pyospermia and spermophagy but this finding was not correlated with fertility. Samples fixed immediately as well as those incubated for several hours showed evidence of spermophagy, indicating that the phagocytosis was not the result of culture. Gene pool restriction and/or captive stress may be contributing factors of reduced semen quality. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370413
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological characteristics of boar efferent ductules and epididymal duct (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 411-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Corrosion casts ; LM ; SEM ; TEM ; Microvasculature ; Ultrastructure ; Absorption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive morphological analysis of the porcine epididymis in view of the specific functions being performed in different regions of this organ. Blood supply and microvasculature of efferent ductules and epididymal duct were investigated by means of corrosion casts which were analysed macroscopically and by scanning electron microscopy. This revealed blood supply to the testis and epididymis to be closely related. The capillary pattern was typical for the efferent ductules, the caput, corpus, and distal cauda epididymidis, respectively. Corrosion casts were also used to visualize the course of the efferent ductules themselves. Tissue samples from different regions of the efferent ductules and epididymal duct were examined by light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with special attention being payed to transitional areas. Morphological criteria allowed the distinction of three segments within the efferent ductules and of the initial segment, proximal caput, distal caput, corpus, proximal cauda, and distal cauda regions of the epididymal duct. Components of the endocytic apparatus of efferent ductule principal cells were identified by ferritin uptake. Ultrastructural evidence of absorption in the epididymal duct was particularly prominent in proximal and distal caput. Extensive cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a well-developed Golgi apparatus were indicative of active protein synthesis and secretion especially in the distal caput and corpus regions. However, assignment of various organelles in principal cells of the epididymal duct to either absorptive or secretory pathways still remains tentative. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 53 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290603
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