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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1985-1989
  • Walking  (2)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 354-359 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Walking ; Women ; Endurance fitness ; Fatness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of brisk walking on endurance fitness and the amount and distribution of body fat in previously sedentary women. Twenty eight women [mean age (SEM): 44.9 (1.5) years] followed the walking programme for 1 year, whilst 16 acted as controls [age 44.4 (2.3) years]. Changes in endurance fitness were evaluated by measuring the oxygen uptake ( $$\dot VO_2 $$ ) at a reference blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol · 1−1 . Two 1.61-km field tests of walking were completed, one at maximal speed and one at a “brisk” speed, as well as a 1.61-km walk on a motorised treadmill. The amount and distribution of body fat was determined by hydrostatic weighing and anthropometry and energy intake was evaluated using the 7-day weighed food intake method. Walkers completed an average of 157 min·week−1 of brisk walking over the year. The following were increased in walkers, relative to controls: brisk walking speed [walkers 1.73 (0.05) m·s−1 vs 1.88 (0.07) m·s {−1}; controls 1.69 (0.05) m·s−1 vs 1.70 (0.05) m · s −1 at baseline and 12 months respectively,P〈0.01], maximal walking speed and $$\dot VO_2 $$ at 2 mmol·1−1. In addition, brisk walking reduced heart rate and blood lactate concentration during stepping as well as during standard, submaximal treadmill walking. It did not modify either the amount or the distribution of body fat, despite an unchanged energy intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Walking ; Men ; Endurance fitness ; Fatness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the influence of a 1-year brisk walking programme on endurance fitness and the amount and distribution of body fat in a group of formerly sedentary men. Seventy-two males, aged 42–59 years, body mass index 25.2 (0.3) kg·m−2 [mean (SEM)], were randomly allocated to either a walking group (n = 48) or control group (n = 24). Brisk walking speed was evaluated using a 1.6-km track walk. Changes in endurance fitness were assessed by measuring blood lactate concentration and heart rate during submaximal treadmill walking. Body composition was determined by hydrostatic weighing and anthropometry; energy intake was assessed from 7-day weighed food inventories. Differences in the response of walkers and controls were examined using two-way analyses of variance. Forty-two walkers (87.5%) completed the study and averaged 27.9 (1.4) min·day−1 of brisk walking (range 11–46). Brisk walking speed averaged 1.95 (0.03) m·s−1 and elicited approximately 68 (1) % of maximum heart rate. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration during submaximal treadmill walking were significantly reduced in the walkers after 3, 6 and 12 months and the oxygen uptake at a reference blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol·l−1 was increased by 3.2 ml·kg−1. min−1 (14.9%) in the walkers at 6 months (P〈 0.01). Although skinfold thicknesses at anterior thigh and medial calf sites decreased significantly for the walkers, the response of the two groups did not differ significantly for other body composition variables or for energy intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 827-833 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments in Raman amplification spectroscopy monitor the intensity change of one laser beam under the perturbing influence of another in a Raman-active medium. Accompanying such changes one frequently observes the presence of other, non-Raman, processes arising from non-linear susceptibility terms χ(2) and χ(3), in addition to linear changes caused by species absorption and fluorescence. One such non-Raman process observed during a Raman study of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KDP) is sum-frequency generation. Although the subject of second-harmonic/sum-and difference-frequency generation is well understood, the indirect quantitative measurement of such processes by means of the measured power loss of one or other of the incident beams has remained an area hitherto unexplored. This paper redresses this omission by comparing experimentally the directly measured sum-frequency power generated in a KDP frequency-doubling crystal with the power loss of the probe beam transmitted through the crystal.The results, viewed in an overall perspective, are very promising and the experiments demonstrate the value of the pump-probe technique as a means of investigating non-linear optical mixing processes, with the added advantage of an experimental set-up which may be adapted, with the minimum of adjustments, to accommodate simultaneous investigations of several other spectroscopic processes occurring within the same system. These studies provide an interesting and important route for the further understanding and utilization of the non-linear processes occurring in optical crystals such as KDP.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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