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The role of glutathione in the acute nephrotoxicity of sodium dichromate (1992)

Na, Ki Jung ; Jeong, So Young ; Lim, Chang Hyeong

Springer

Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 646-651

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ISSN: 1432-0738

Keywords: Sodium dichromate ; Nephrotoxicity ; Glutathione ; Ascorbate ; Carbohydrate metabolism

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Ascorbate treatment 30 min prior to sodium dichromate (20 or 30 mg/kg, s.c.) shows higher potency than that of glutathione (GSH) in protecting against both the metabolic disturbance and nephrotoxicity induced by dichromate. However, ascorbate treatment after 2 h of dichromate intoxication had no effect on dichromate-induced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) elevation 3 days after intoxication. In contrast, dichromate-induced glucosuria, which reached maximum levels at 3 days after treatment, was significantly decreased by GSH or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment, even if its administration was after 24 h of dichromate intoxication. Pretreatment with GSH depletors such as diethyl maleate (DEM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) had no effect on dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity. GSH levels in the liver and kidney were not affected at 3 h after dichromate treatment. However, dichromate significantly increased tissue GSH levels with a marked increase in liver per kidney GSH ratio at 24 h after treatment, if food was withheld subsequent to dichromate treatment, indicating that GSH biosynthesis resulted from the accelerated protein breakdown. These results suggest that GSH-mediated dichromate reduction is not a kinetically favorable pathway in vivo; however, GSH plays an important role in protection against dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity. In addition, the cellular metabolism of dichromate in the early period after treatment is important in the pathogenesis of its nephrotoxicity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01981504

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Graft copolymer of gelatin/butyl acrylate and its use in the dye transferring blank film (1989)

Li, Zhi-Chong ; Fu, Zhi-Feng ; Huang, Ming-Zhi ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 2171-2182

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Butyl acrylate was graft copolymerized onto gelatin using ceric ammonium nitrate as redox initiator. A series of grafted products with various gelatin-to-butyl acrylate ratios were prepared. The molecular weight of the grafted side chains and the number of grafting sites were measured. The possible grafting sites on gelatin macromolecules were pointed out through amino acid analysis. The electron micrograph and DSC analysis showed that the grafted chain (PBA) and backbone gelatin were in separated phases. The graft copolymer was used in the receiving layer of the dye transfer blank film, and the photographic, dye transfer printing, and some physicomechanical properties were studied with satisfactory results.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.