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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • Engineering General  (3)
  • Generative cell  (1)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male cytoplasmic diminution and male germ unit in young and mature pollen of Cymbidium goeringii: a 3-dimensional and quantitative study (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cymbidium goeringii ; Cytoplasmic diminution ; Generative cell ; Male germ unit ; Vegetative nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pollinia of Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae) were examined at a young stage (approx. 2 weeks before anthesis) and at anthesis using transmission electron microscopy, computer-assisted serial reconstruction and quantitative cytology. At the young stage, the generative cell (GC) has a spherically shaped main body with a large nucleus and 1 to 4 cytoplasmic extensions (up to 10 μm long) physically associated with a groove on one side of the vegetative nucleus (VN). By anthesis, some GCs lose their cytoplasmic extensions, becoming spherical. The GC surface becomes highly wrinkled, the distance between the GC and the VN increases and the two may separate completely. Enucleated cytoplasmic bodies (ECBs) are apparently generated by the GC, as evidenced by their similar ultrastructural appearance and distribution near the GC. ECBs are likely produced from two sites: the GC surface and the tips of cytoplasmic extensions of the GC. Vesicle-containing bodies (VCBs) may be generated from the lateral surface of the GC and may also represent a degeneration stage of ECBs, finally fusing with lipid bodies. Heritable organelles are rare and usually absent in the GC of Cymbidium: 0.176 mitochondria and 0.0042 plastids per GC were observed at the young stage and no mitochondria and 0.019 plastids at anthesis. Of 16 cellular parameters examined during GC development, all decreased with the exception of the surface area and volume of ECBs/ VCBs (which remained stable) and GC vacuoles (which increased). Significant decreases in 11 parameters presumably relate to dehydration of the pollen and male cytoplasmic diminution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel isoparametric finite element displacement formulation for axisymmetric analysis of nearly incompressible materials (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 2453-2472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is well accepted that severe numerical difficulties arise when using the conventional displacement method to analyse incompressible or nearly incompressible solids. These effects are caused by the kinematic constraints imposed on the nodal velocities by the constant volume condition. In elastic-plastic analysis, these effects are due to a conflict between the plastic flow rule and the finite element discretization. Although several methods have been proposed to cope with this problem, none has been based on the appropriate choice of displacement interpolation functions to minimize the constraints. The theoretical formulation of a new six-noded isoparametric displacement finite element, which is well suited for elastic-plastic analysis of axisymmetric constrained solids by using a rational displacement interpolation function, is presented in this paper. The proposed displacement interpolation function implies that the displacement in the axial direction and the product of the displacement in the radial direction and the radius should be treated as two independent basic variables. Alternatively, the proposed displacement interpolation function can also be implemented in a conventional displacement formulation simply by using a modified shape function matrix. The suitability of the proposed formulations is first studied theoretically by assessing the number of degrees of freedom per constraint and then verified by performing numerical experiments on typical boundary value problems which involve incompressible behaviour.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620361409
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the Editor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 17 (1993), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610170306
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the ductile yield of porous rock (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 12 (1988), S. 679-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A relatively simple yield model is developed for isotropic, porous rocks which yield in a ductile manner. The flow rule and yield function are derived using an adaptation of the work-balance approach of critical state soil mechanics. This adaptation allows for the dissipation of work by frictional and volume change mechanisms, including the dissipation of frictional work at sensibly constant plastic volumetric strain. The yield model uses two material parameters - a basic frictional parameter and a plastic volumetric strain adjustment parameter which is assumed to be constant for the yield locus corresponding to a particular specific volume. The model gives excellent fits to yield loci for two limestones, a chalk and gypsum plaster prepared at different initial void ratios.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610120608
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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