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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has shown associations with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DR antigens and class III complement components C2 and C4 in previous studies. The primary susceptibility locus has been difficult to identify, however, on account of linkage disequilibrium within the MHC. We have studied C4A and C4B distributions in 63 Caucasoid, 75 Chinese and 51 Japanese SLE patients. All three populations showed a statistically significant increase in C4A*Q0 (null) alleles when compared with 323 ethnically matched controls. We conclude that complete or partial deficiency of C4A is a genetic determinant of SLE common to these three ethnically distinct populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 75-88 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Cecidomyiidae ; Parasitoids ; Species diversity ; Assemblage size ; Galls ; Enemy hypothesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The parasitoids known to attack 191 phytophagous species of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) were used to examine factors influencing parasitoid assemblage size. The number of parasitoid species a midge species supports was tested against nine variables describing geographical, biological and ecological attributes of hosts. The apparency of midge larvae was found to have the greatest influence on parasitoid assemblage size; highly visible species support more parasitoids than less visible ones. Pupation site and midge voltinism also significantly affect associated parasitoids, at least for highly apparent hosts. Biogeographic region, host-plant architecture and the plant parts infested were found to be of secondary importance. The surface texture of infested plant parts, the number of midge larvae occupying galls and the diversity of plant tissues infested have minimal apparent effects on parasitoid richness. Parasitoid assemblage size and total parasitism rates were also found to be positively correlated for 73 galling and nongalling midge species, and gallers typically suffer higher levels of parasitism than non-gallers. Using these data to test the “enemy hypothesis”, which proposes that the galling habit has evolved to escape attack from parasitoids, we conclude that parasitoid pressure cannot account for the presence of galls in the Cecidomyiidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 91 (1992), S. 68-74 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agaonidae ; Cospeciation ; Figs ; Ficus ; Galls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We investigated the species richness of 24 fig wasp (Hymenoptera) assemblages associated with southern African fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae). Assemblage sizes ranged between 3 and 30 species on different host tree species, with parasitoids slightly outnumbering gall-forming phytophages. Ten potential taxonomic, geographic and ecological determinants of assemblage richness were examined. Galler richness differed significantly between taxonomic sub-groups of Ficus and was significantly correlated with several ecological characteristics of the host trees, but there was no species-area effect. Parasitoid richness was strongly correlated with galler richness. We conclude that both ecological and historical factors have combined to determine the numbers of species that form fig wasp assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 866-866 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Allorhogas pyralophagus ; Eoreuma loftini ; biological control ; sugar cane ; parasite-host interaction ; stalkborers ; Allorhogas pyralophagus ; Eoreuma loftini ; lutte biologique ; canne à sucre ; interaction parasite/hôte ; mineuse de la tige
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ectoparasite grégaireAllorhogas pyralophagus Marsh a été libéré à l'intérieur de cages disposées dans des cultures de canne à sucre elles-même infestées parEoreuma loftini Dyar. Les facteurs qui affectent le taux de parasitisme sont examinés et le rôle du parasite dans la mortalité larvaire de l'hôte est déterminé. Trois essais ont eu lieu respectivement en juillet, septembre et décembre 1984. Le parasitisme moyen a été de 25.2% dans cette étude et fut la source la plus importante de mortalité. Les pyrales sont susceptibles d'être attaquées aussi bien dans la gaine des feuilles, que dans le bourgeon terminal ou dans la tige. Les larves qui pénètrent plus profondément à l'intérieur des tiges sont les moins parasitées. Le succès du parasite est fonction de certains comportements de l'hôte à l'intérieur des tiges.A. pyralophagus est probablement incapable d'effectuer le “contrôle” total d'E. loftini dans la canne à sucre, mais il peut être un élément utile dans un programme bien organisé de lutte contre ce fléau, conjointement avec d'autres espèces de parasites.A. pyralophagus est susceptible de parasiterE. loftini lorsqu'il est présent dans les graminées sauvages servant de plantes hôtes secondaires.
    Notes: Abstract The external, gregarious, braconid parasite,Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh was mass released into field cages enclosing sugar cane infested with the pyralid,Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) to examine factors affecting parasitism rates and to assess the parasite's potential contribution to borer larval mortality. Three field experiments were conducted in July, September, and December, 1984. Total parasitism was 25.2% for the study and was the single most important source of borer mortality. Borers were equally susceptible to attack in leaf sheaths, whorls, and stalks in general, but larvae tunneling deep within stalks were parasitized less. An interaction between tunneling behavior of the borer and attack strategy of the parasite was important for parasite success.A. pyralophagus is probably unable to effect complete control ofE. loftini in sugar cane becauseA. pyralophagus is physically unable to parasitize borers deep in the stalks. However, the parasite may be useful as part of an intergrated pest management program, acting in concert with other parasite species, or attacking the borer in small-stemed grasses that serve as alternate host plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 7 (1985), S. 196-203 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface reactivity of hydroxyl groups on silica with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) is examined using XPS, FTIR-PAS, and solid state NMR. All techniques give responses give responses which can be correlated with increasing TMS surface coverages on Lichrosorb Si 60 silica and provide detection limits of ≤10% of a TMS monolayer. Solid state NMR is particularly suited to examining reactivity differences between geminal and single silanols. Geminal hydroxyl groups are found to be much more reactive. At higher TMS coverages approaching steric limitations (0.5 TMS monolayer), nearly 100% of the geminal sites are reacted as opposed to only 20% of the single sites. The reactive subset of single silanols appears to include hydrogen-bonded (vicinal) groups. A mechanism is postulated to explain the apparent enhanced reactivity of geminal and vicinal silanols.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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