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  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1985-1989  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of avian paramyxoviruses by specific antisera to isolated HN subunits (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 83 (1985), S. 229-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antisera for the isolated HN proteins of eight reference strains of avian paramyxoviruses could be prepared in guinea pigs by intraperitoneal injection of guinea pig red blood cells (GRBC) coated with purified HN proteins. In the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, all reference strains reacted strongly with each homologous antiserum to the isolated HN showing that a low level of cross-reactivity among the reference strains was greatly diminished by using specific antisera. Immuno-double-diffusion (IDD) tests showed that all antisera except those to turkey/Wisconsin/68 and duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 gave single well-defined lines only with the homologous viruses. The remaining two antisera developed a single definite precipitin line together with weak lines with homologous virus. Two isolates in Japan were clearly identified in HI and IDD tests with specific antisera to the HN subunits of the reference strains suggesting that the antisera were useful for identification of avian paramyxovirus isolates. Two isolates in Japan, H-70 from a munia-bird and Y-7 from a duck were found to have HN proteins related closely to those of finch/N. Ireland/Bangor/73 and duck/Hong Kong/199/77, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309919
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of reference strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and NDV-like isolates by monoclonal antibodies to HN subunits (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 85 (1985), S. 109-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) subunits of NDV and NDV-like isolates were analyzed antigenically by monoclonal antibodies to the HN of Miyadera and Taka viruses. In immuno-double-diffusion (IDD) tests, all NDVs examined gave clear lines of precipitation with some of the potent monoclonal antibodies, but it was difficult to determine with certainty the immunological properties of HN subunits due to a rare disagreement with the results obtained in other immunological tests. Monoclonal antibodies used in the tests were found to show different immunological reactivities with the viruses. Monoclonal antibodies belonging to the 1st group (1/29) inhibited the hemagglutinating (HA) activity of all strains but not the neuraminidase (NA) activity. The second monoclonal antibody (5/205) inhibited both the HA and NA activities of the restrictive NDV strains, indicating antigenic changes in HN molecules. However, the inhibitory activity of this monoclone to neuraminidase appeared to be greatly diminished when neuraminyl lactose was used as substrate. Although the 3rd type of monoclonal antibody (5/220) showed HI activity against several strains, this antibody did not inhibit NA activity of any viruses. The remaining monoclone to the HN of Taka virus inhibited the HA activity of all reference strains of NDV and many NDV-like isolates but did not affect NA activity. Two inhibitory activities of four monoclonal antibodies against different viruses, HI and hemolysis-inhibition, were not always consistent with inhibition of virus growth. HI and NI tests with the above four monoclonal antibodies showed that the strains tested fell into five antigenic groups according to their reaction patterns with mouse hybridoma antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference in growth behavior of human, swine, equine, and avian influenza viruses at a high temperature (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 100 (1988), S. 231-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth characteristics of a wide range of influenza A viruses from different mammals and bird species were examined in an established line of canine kidney (MDCK) cells at an ordinary (37°C) and a high temperature (42°C). Although all viruses employed in the present study possessed a capability of replicating at 37°C, virus growth at 42°C showed considerable variation and reflected differences in the natural hosts of the isolates. All reference strains and isolates from bird species grew well in the MDCK cells maintained at 42°C, but human viruses did not, showing an asymmetrical growth behavior. In contrast to this, growth of swine and equine viruses showed growth characteristics intermediate between human and avian viruses. Of the two swine viruses examined, replication of one strain occured equally well at both temperatures and another failed to grow at 42°C. Similarly, two of the three equine viruses tested belonging to H3N8 antigenic subtypes grew at 42°C. However, the results obtained from comparison of plaque sizes and growth curves indicated that the replication of the above swine and equine viruses was restricted under a stringent temperature when compared to avian viruses. The detailed analysis of cloned viruses revealed that some of the swine and equine viruses contained two variants which are readily distinguished by growth behavior at 42°C. Genome analysis of parental and virus clones by oligonucleotide mapping and migration profiles of RNA segments did not detect any differences among the above variants exhibiting the asymmetrical growth characteristics at 42°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487686
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing H1 hemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2) virus (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 86 (1985), S. 197-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A recombinant (H1N2, formerly Hsw1N2), A/swine/Ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic, biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 (H1N2) strain (22). Five monoclonal antibodies to A/NJ/8/76 definitely differentiated the hemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed, at least, at two antigenic determinants. Neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies to different H2N2 and H3N2 viruses revealed that the A/swine/Ehime/1/80 strain contained a neuraminidase very similar to that of the late human Asian (H2N2) and the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2) viruses. Growth comparison of swine and human isolates indicated that A/swine/Ehime/1/80 and A/swine/Shizuoka/1/78 (H1N1) failed to grow at 42°C, while A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 and its possible parental virus, A/swine/Kanagawa/4/78 (H1N1) replicated efficiently at this stringent temperature. These results revealed that the viruses having growth characteristics similar to those of avian influenza virus were present in the swine population. RNA analysis by oligonucleotide mapping suggested that A/swine/Ehime/1/80 may be a recombinant between A/swine/Shizuoka/1/78-like and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)-like viruses. To further determine the gene constellation of this recombinant virus, DNA-RNA hybridization was performed by using DNA segments complementary for swine (H1N1) virus RNA and the entire RNAs of three viruses. The molecular hybridization could define the genomic composition of the recombinant, indicating that only the neuraminidase gene of this virus is derived from the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2)-like virus and remaining seven genes from swine (H1N1) virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309825
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses and thermal degradation behaviours of saponite-α-naphthylamine complexes: effects of substitution of OH in saponite by fluorine (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 1764-1768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Five saponites with various substitution degrees of the constituent OH by fluorine were subjected to complex formation with α-naphthylamine to examine the effect of substitution on the stabilities of the resulting complexes. Saponite with a larger substitution degree intercalated a lesser quantity of a-naphthylamine and was broken down more easily in the reaction process. The complexes were subsequently heated in nitrogen to examine their thermostabilities. The thermostability of saponite was enhanced with increasing degree of substitution. All saponite, especially those without substitution, enhanced their thermostabilities by intercalating with α-naphthylamine. The reasons for these phenomena are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115720
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical resistance of the moulding of saponite/acriflavine complex after carbonization (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 4847-4851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Powders of saponite/acriflavine complex (SAC) saponite/carbon black mixture (SKM) and saponite itself (Sap) were pressed into small discs (20 mm diameter × 3 mm), followed by heat treatment at 1073 to 1473 K under nitrogen or argon. Their chemical resistance to 10% NaOH, conc. HCl, conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 solutions at room temperature was examined on the basis of weight loss. The resistance of the three samples to NaOH solution was found to increase with increasing heat-treatment temperature, and both SAC and Sap after heating to 1473 K exhibited only a slight weight loss even after soaking for 20 d. On the whole, SAC had the highest resistance among three. The three samples were more resistant to acid solutions than NaOH, the resistance of both SKM and Sap increasing with increasing heat-treatment temperature. The amorphous component and forsterite crystal in the samples after heating to high temperature were preferentially attacked by NaOH and acid solutions, respectively. These results are discussed on the basis of X-ray diffraction, SEM observation, carbon content, etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01129951
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity of carbon material to methanogenic bacteria (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1990), S. 693-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00721806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation behaviour of montmorillonite-α-naphthylamine complex under nitrogen (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A thin film of montmorillonite-α-naphthylamine complex (MNC) was prepared, and then subjected to γ-ray radiation and heating to 473 K for polymerization of the inserted naphthylamine. MNC was subsequently heated to various temperatures below 1473 K under nitrogen. Montmorillonite film (Mont) was also treated in the same way as the reference sample. Compared with Mont, the MNC-layered structure was remarkably thermally stable and remained so slightly, even after heating to 1273 K. MNC was found to have a homogeneous porous structure after heating to 1273 K. Through comparison with Mont, the thermal degradation behaviour of MNC is discussed on the basis of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, TG-DTA, elemental analysis, mass spectrum and SEM observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555919
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM study of the fractured surfaces of films and blocks prepared from montmorillonite and its complex with α-naphtylamine (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 1219-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Four samples were heated under nitrogen to determine the relations between heat-treatment conditions and the topographies of the fractured surfaces of the resulting samples. The samples used were thin films (several 10μm thick) of lithium-montmorillonite (Mont) and its complex (MNC) withα-naphtylamine, and the blocks of raw montmorillonite and its complex withα-naphtylamine (MNC). Two characteristic topographies were obtained from MNC film. They were of a very dense structure with the memory of a layered structure after heating to about 1173 K at 1 or 5 K min−1, and a homogeneous fine porous structure after heating to 1173 to 1273 K at 40 K min−1. An unique porous structure was also obtained from MNC block, several millimetres thick by heating to 873 K for 1H. However, Mont, in both film and block, was not suitable for preparation of the homogeneous structure, regardless of porous or dense structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553254
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some properties of a condensed polynuclear aromatic resin (COPNA) as a binder for carbon fibre composites (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 2027-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new thermosetting resin consisting of condensed aromatic nuclei cross-linked with methylene bridges was prepared from a mixture of pyrene, phenanthrene and 1,4-benzenedimethanol by heating above 393 K. This resin, named COPNA, adheres well to carbon fibres, and the carbon fibre/resin composite (CFRP) prepared by using this resin as a binder exhibits no remarkable changes in mechanical properties after heating at 523 K for 10 h and 573 K for 2h. The CFRP specimens were converted into carbon fibre/carbon composite (CFRC) by further heating up to 1 273 K without any trouble.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547943
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