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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1980-1984  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subperitoneal layer of elastic fibers in the female pelvis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 4 (1991), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: connective tissue ; gross anatomy ; histology ; pelvic fascia ; ligaments ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A preliminary report from this group described a unique layer of subperitoneal elastic fibers in the female pelvis. The current study was undertaken to better characterize this elastic layer in the female and determine if it exists in the male pelvis. Thirty-seven hemipelves were used in this study and were employed for one of two purposes: dissection and/or sampling for histologic study. The following histologic stains were employed: Verhoeff's hematoxylin for elastic fibers, Masson's trichrome for collagen, and hematoxylin and eosin for general morphology. In some areas (broad ligament) the subperitoneal elastic layer was very thin with dispersed fibers while in other areas (uterosacral fold) the layer was thick with tightly packed fibers. A subperitoneal layer of elastic fibers was not detected in samples from the greater omentum; however, a dense but poorly organized layer of elastic fibers was noted between the posterior layer of the rectus sheath and the peritoneum. While a similar layer of elastic fibers was found in the male pelvis, the layer was less dense and less well organized than in the female. These findings indicate that in addition to the well-accepted pelvic ligaments, in the female there may be a layer of elastic fibers that assists in supporting pelvic viscera in a more dynamic manner than the ligaments. Proper alignment or manipulation of this layer during reconstructive surgery may enhance postoperative results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980040606
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermophagy in semen in the red wolf, Canis rufus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 37 (1994), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Canine sperm ; Pyospermia ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The red wolf (Canis rufus) is an endangered species with 194 individuals remaining in the wild and in various captive facilities. Breeding efforts at the Graham, WA site (Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium) have involved artificial insemination with fresh or frozen semen in an effort to increase population and maximize the genetic potential of the stock. Electron microscopic observations were made in semen specimens obtained by electroejaculation from mature males prior to their use in an effort to determine semen parameters that might be useful in guiding breeding procedures. Sperm samples were either fixed immediately or treated with capacitating media and fixed after 4 to 7 hr of incubation. Many of the specimens examined were pyospermic (white cell in semen) and showed evidence of spermophagy, primarily by neutrophils. Of the six animals surveyed, only one showed little evidence of spermophagy, and three had extensive pyospermia and spermophagy but this finding was not correlated with fertility. Samples fixed immediately as well as those incubated for several hours showed evidence of spermophagy, indicating that the phagocytosis was not the result of culture. Gene pool restriction and/or captive stress may be contributing factors of reduced semen quality. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080370413
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved preservation of rat epididymal sperm for high-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (HR-LVSEM) (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Fixation ; Artifact ; Ruthenium red ; Percoll ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Various fixation protocols were used in an attempt to improve preservation of rat epididymal sperm for high-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (HR-LVSEM). Wash solutions and fixatives of different composition and osmolarity were tested. Paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde concentrations were varied between 0.5% and 3%. Ruthenium red was tested as an additive in both primary fixation and postfixation, or in postfixation alone. HR-LVSEM revealed various degrees of ruffing, folding, blebbing, and peeling off of the plasma membrane, as well as holes of different sizes. The plasma membrane overlying the acrosome and the connecting piece proved to be particularly sensitive to varying fixation conditions. Consistent topographical differences were revealed among the different domains over the sperm head. Most of the differences were considered to be artifacts. Their consistency, however, suggests that structural and biochemical differences exist either within the membrane or in the structures subjacent to the membrane. Primary fixation turned out to be less critical than postfixation. Preservation of a smooth plasma membrane without holes could only be achieved when primary fixation in low aldehyde concentrations, with or without ruthenium red, was followed by postfixation with OsO4 and 1,000 ppm ruthenium red. Examination of thin sections of the same material confirmed that even a considerable number of small holes are difficult to detect in transmission electron microscopy. These results show that with the recent increase in resolution of LVSEM there is need for further effort to improve sample processing. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological characteristics of boar efferent ductules and epididymal duct (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 411-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Corrosion casts ; LM ; SEM ; TEM ; Microvasculature ; Ultrastructure ; Absorption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive morphological analysis of the porcine epididymis in view of the specific functions being performed in different regions of this organ. Blood supply and microvasculature of efferent ductules and epididymal duct were investigated by means of corrosion casts which were analysed macroscopically and by scanning electron microscopy. This revealed blood supply to the testis and epididymis to be closely related. The capillary pattern was typical for the efferent ductules, the caput, corpus, and distal cauda epididymidis, respectively. Corrosion casts were also used to visualize the course of the efferent ductules themselves. Tissue samples from different regions of the efferent ductules and epididymal duct were examined by light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with special attention being payed to transitional areas. Morphological criteria allowed the distinction of three segments within the efferent ductules and of the initial segment, proximal caput, distal caput, corpus, proximal cauda, and distal cauda regions of the epididymal duct. Components of the endocytic apparatus of efferent ductule principal cells were identified by ferritin uptake. Ultrastructural evidence of absorption in the epididymal duct was particularly prominent in proximal and distal caput. Extensive cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a well-developed Golgi apparatus were indicative of active protein synthesis and secretion especially in the distal caput and corpus regions. However, assignment of various organelles in principal cells of the epididymal duct to either absorptive or secretory pathways still remains tentative. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 53 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290603
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Sertoli cell-germ cell junctional specializations in dissociated testicular cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 193 (1979), S. 23-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To further characterize Sertoli cell-germ cell junctional specializations seminiferous tubules from sexually mature Sprague-Dawley rats were dissociated by enzymatic and mechanical methods. Ultrastructural analysis of cell suspensions prepared by incubation in collagenase alone or by mechanical methods revealed that spermatids remained attached to Sertoli cells or Sertoli cell fragments. Such cellular associations were found only between Sertoli cell fragments and spermatids in which the developing acrosome had made contact with the plasma membrane (step 8 and subsequent steps of spermiogenesis). Furthermore, the fragments were confined to that region of the plasma membrane over the acrosome. The Sertoli cell half of this adhesive site displayed the typical elements of Sertoli cell junctions, filamentous bundles and associated cisterna of endoplasmic reticulum, in apposition to the spermatids. The spermatids demonstrated no surface specializations at the attachment sites. In contrast, in cell suspensions prepared with trypsin, spermatids were free of attachments to Sertoli cells or their fragments. These results demonstrate that: (1) the junctions act to bind cells together, (2) adhesive type contact is established between Sertoli cells and spermatids at step 8 and subsequent steps of spermiogenesis, (3) contact is restricted to the spermatid plasma membrane over the acrosome, and (4) spermatids can be freed from the junctional specializations by treatment with trypsin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091930103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal epithelium as observed after efferent ductule ligation (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 267-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seminiferous tubules from testes of normal and efferent ductule ligated mice were examined with the electron microscope. The tubules in the ligated animals were markedly distended and at most stages of the seminiferous cycle the epithelium exhibited a series of circumferentially-oriented ridges. Cross-sectional profiles of these ridges were studied with particular emphasis on the Sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal cells.In the ligated specimen the basal cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells is highly attenuated, often appearing as a thin process resting on the basement lamina. Where the cytoplasm of one Sertoli cell ends, it meets in apposition with the cytoplasm of an adjoining Sertoli cell, and at these sites, junctional specializations are present. The ridges are comprised of a stalk of apical Sertoli cell cytoplasm, often appearing like an inverted cone, with young spermatids aligned along the lateral surfaces and the more mature spermatid population embedded within the apical cytoplasm. Junctional specializations were observed along these lateral Sertoli cell surfaces. In some instances, they formed a free surface, but usually early spermatids were in contact with the junctional specializations. With respect to the more mature spermatids, the acrosomal component was typically found in relation to a junctional specialization. Germ cells at the spermatocyte stage were also noted in relation to the Sertoli cell junctional specializations.The findings suggest that spermatocytes cross the Sertoli cell barrier and gain access to the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule through the disengagement of the inter-Sertoli cell junctional complex. It is proposed that when the inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations separate, the spermatocytes come in apposition with the newly freed junctional surfaces and remain in relation with them through the ensuing divisions. It appears that at some point, firm adhesion between germ cells and the junctional specializations occurs; the spermatid progeny may thus maintain contact with the original inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations until their release into the tubule lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Sertoli cell junctional specialization during spermiogenesis and at spermiation (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 79-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between developing spermatids and Sertoli cell junctional specializations was studied with the electron microscope during spermiogenesis and at spermiation. At stage I of the seminiferous cycle, the newly formed spermatids are found in apposition to junctional specializations at the lateral surfaces of the Sertoli cell. Visualization of the junctional site of this early stage appears to be dependent on orientation and plane of section. As differentiation proceeds, the spermatids elongate and come to lie within deep recesses of the Sertoli cell. At this time the junctional specialization is limited to the acrosomal portion of the spermatid. During the maturation phase, the spermatids, while maintaining the same relationship to the junctional specialization, approach the lumen. When stage VIII of the cycle is reached, the stage in which spermiation occurs, the spermatids are at the luminal surface. The relationship of the spermatid head to the junctional specializations is quite variable during this stage. Some spermatids are observed still attached to the Sertoli cell at the junctional site, while others are found completely or partially surrounded by Sertoli cytoplasm, but with no evidence of the normally interposed junctional specialization. Yet, in other instances, the spermatids are observed in a position slightly removed from the junctional site. Also evident are profiles of junctional specializations at a free surface of the Sertoli cell, there being no attached spermatid. In some instances the junctional specializations appeared in apposition to a residual body. In the case of the free surface profiles, the junctional specialization at times lined an empty cleft or crypt-like recess, giving the impression that the spermatid head had just been dislodged from the junctional contact site. The findings indicate that the spermatid is in contact with a junctional specialization from its initial appearance and remains so until spermiation is initiated. It is postulated that spermiation is initiated through a physiological change in the junctional specialization resulting in loss of adhesion and consequent release of the sperm head from its attachment site. A similar mechanism is proposed in relation to the inter-Sertoli junctional complex to account for the means by which the spermatocytes cross this barrier to reach the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of tension and pressure zones in a rabbit flexor tendon (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 157 (1980), S. 87-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the rabbit hind limb is subject to tensional forces throughout most of its length but, within a localised area which is in contact with the calcaneum and talus, it is subjected to additional compressive forces. This pressure-bearing area, in marked contrast to the tensional areas, has a fibrocartilage-like organization and a high concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG).Ultrastructural features of the cells, collagen and matrix in the tension and pressure zones are also markedly different, with a full spectrum of transitional characteristics in the junctional region between the two zones. These findings support the concept that the cells in the various regions are sensitive and responsive to changes in physical load.In the tensional zone, elongated cells have extensive cytoplasmic flanges, which may contact flanges of neighbouring cells, and a scalloped cell surface that intimately conforms to the adjacent positively charged and tightly packed collagen fibrils of long periodicity (63 nm) and varying diameters. In the pressure zone, round and clustered fibrocartilage-like cells, characterized by dense arrays of 11-nm-diameter microfilaments and numerous lipid droplets, are surrounded by loosely packed collagen fibrils of short periodicity (53 nm) and predominantly small diameters, and an extensive matrix rich in GAG.It is suggested that these regional morphological variations in the extracellular components result from, and are indirectly the cause of, changes in the cellular synthetic activities which are known to occur in response to changes in the physical environment.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001570109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sertoli-Sertoli junctions and Sertoli-spermatid junctions after efferent ductule ligation and lanthanum treatment (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 148 (1977), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seminiferous tubules, partially dilated by ligation of the efferent ductules, were examined after treatment with lanthanum. Lanthanum penetrated the intercellular spaces of the seminiferous epithelium, but only to the level of the Sertoli-Sertoli junctions. Further penetration from the interstitial surface of the tubule was restricted by membrane fusions (tight junctions) at the junctional complex. Lanthanum also penetrated the epithelium from the luminal surface permeating the adluminal intercellular spaces, including the site of the Sertoli-spermatid junction. The lanthanum occupying the Sertoli-spermatid junctional site appeared as a slightly narrower electron-opaque zone than that found in the non-specialized intercellular areas. The findings clearly reveal that only the Sertoli-Sertoli junctional site forms a restrictive barrier. In contrast to the specializations of plasma membrane which form the tight junction, the associated filaments and cisterna of endoplasmic reticulum may be components more directly related to maintaining and regulating cell adhesion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001480105
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