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  • 1990-1994  (21)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1960-1964  (6)
  • 1925-1929  (13)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 37 (1981), S. 75-79 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 827-828 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Carcinoma ; Ulcerative colitis ; Primary sclerosing cholangitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors present the cases of two patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder complicating chronic ulcerative colitis. Both patients had concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis. Twelve such cases of gallbladder carcinoma have been reported in the literature. The presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with malignancy of the extrahepatic biliary tree. It is suggested that, if colectomy is necessary, the liver should be biopsied and a cholecystectomy performed if the gallbladder is deemed abnormal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 255-264 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: grasshopper ; monophagy ; polyphagy ; Simmondsia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding behavior of different populations of the grasshopper,Schistocerca shoshone, was investigated in the southwestern United States. Insects from three riparian populations, with a broad spectrum of plants available to them, tended to eat plants roughly in relation to their availability except that broad-leaved herbaceous plants were avoided. Insects from a desert population in a plantation ofSimmondsia fed exclusively on that plant, as did those from another population in the Tucson mountains, despite the availability of a range of other plants. Insects from a third desert population, near Portal, fed mainly onProsopis, the dominant woody plant. In detailed behavioral experiments in the laboratory, insects from Tucson mountains readily acceptedSimmondsia, and less readily acceptedProsopis. Three other common woody plants from the habitat were generally rejected without feeding. Insects from Portal acceptedProsopis andSimmondsia with approximately equal readiness. Breeding experiments suggested that the differences between the plantation insects and those from Portal was genetic and not induced by experience. The insects from both populations were potentially polyphagous and ate a wide range of plants in the laboratory if given no alternative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: fluvalinate ; pyrethroids ; spider mites ; Tetranychus urticae ; behaviour ; sub-lethal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Residual deposits of fluvalinate caused two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch, dispersal by running off (run-off) and spinning down (spin-down) from treated leaves. Run-off occured at concentrations from 0.0005 g a.i. 1−1 and reached a peak at 0.01 g a.i. 1−1. Spin-down was more predominant at concentrations above 0.01 g a.i. 1−1. Spin-down and run-off proportions varied with fluvalinate formulation. Oviposition was temporarily suppressed on fluvalinate-treated leaves, presumably because of an irritant effect which reduced feeding. An emulsifiable concentrate formulation caused the largest reductions in oviposition. Oviposition returned to the level exhibited by untreated mites two days after removal from treated surfaces. Oviposition and feeding were positively correlated and both declined reciprocally with increasing fluvalinate concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: associative learning ; grasshopper ; palpation ; plant surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral responses of final-instar nymphs of Schistocerca americanato a variety of acceptable and unacceptable plants were recorded. Palpation occurred on all plants and the palps are involved in both acceptance and rejection. On most unacceptable plants, rejection was at first dependent on biting the leaf, but subsequently on Lantana, Machaeranthera, Moms,and Physalis,rejection often occurred after palpation of the surface alone. This is consistent with the suggestion that associative learning occurs. This response did not wane even when the insects had been without food for over 2 h. There was also some evidence of an innate response to the surface characteristics of Physalis.The features of the surfaces that produced these responses were not determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: development ; food aversion learning ; grasshopper ; habituation ; plant acceptability ; polyphagy ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding behavior of final-instar nymphs ofSchistocerca americana was observed when they first encountered plants that ranged in acceptability from being eaten in large amounts to not being eaten at all. Growth and survival on the same plants through the last stadium were also studied and the results combined as a suitability index to facilitate comparison with the behavior. Although the plants that were eaten most gave the highest suitability index and those that were not eaten permitted no survival, there was no simple relationship between the amounts eaten and the suitability for growth and survival. The possibility that the insects might become habituated to plants that were initially unacceptable was investigated, but no habituation was found over a 3-day period. It is suggested that food intake is largely determined by the presence of deterrent compounds in the less acceptable foods and that nutritional differences between the plants are likely to have been of minor importance. The behavior on some foods suggests that food aversion learning may be involved. It is concluded that the variability of the insects' behavior makes it impossible to predict the suitability of a plant from their immediate behavioral responses. In the field, insects may sometimes reject foods that would be suitable for survival and development, and feed on plants that are nutritionally deficient or even toxic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tetranychus urticae ; Phytoseiids ; Fenvalerate ; Azinphosmethyl ; Mortality ; Sublethal effects ; Egg production ; Oviposition preference ; Repellency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les insecticides pyrethroïdes ont été utilisés pour lutter contre les pullulations d'araignées rouges. Cette note examine les réponses de Tetranychus urticae Koch et des prédateurs phytoseiidés résistants aux organo-phosphorés, Amblyseius fallacis Garman et Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, au fenvalerate (pyrethroïde) et à l'azinphosmethyl (organophosphate). Quelques essais avec du carbaryl sont indiqués. Une femelle adulte de T. urticae est placée sur une rondelle de feuille de Phaseolus vulgaris L. pulvérisée dans une tour de Potter. Les résultats sur la mortalité en fonction de la dose obtenus montrent une activité plus rapide du fenvalerate que de l'azinphosmethyl. Les DL50 du fenvalerate (0,056 et 0,051g AI/I) sont les mêmes à 24 et 48 h, tandis que l'azinphosmethyl montre une activité plus lente (DL50 de 0,72 et 0,38g AI/I à 24 et 48 h). La mortalité se partage entre la sortie de la rondelle et la mortalité in situ. Le fenvalerate provoque une plus forte répulsion que l'azinphosmethyl. Contrairement à l'azinphosmethyl le fenvalerate inhibe la production d'oeufs 60% et 20% d'inhibition à DL50 au bout de 24 h par rapport au témoin. Cette inhibition n'est pas permanente. Le carbaryl n'a pas d'effets inhibiteur ou acaricide à 1g AI/l. Les femelles adultes de T. urticae décèlent les résidus de fenvalerate sur les rondelles et pondent leurs oeufs sur les moitiés non traitées ou traitées à l'azinphosmethyl. Les Phytoseiides sont très sensibles aux résidus de fenvalerate. Après consommation d'oeufs traités, A. fallacis est incapable d'éviter des bandes gluantes. T. occidentalis décèle des traitements à 0,00005g AI/l en quittant les lames traitées par les bandes gluantes.
    Notes: Abstract The pyrethroid fenvalerate showed significantly faster activity against adult ♀ two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch c.f. azinphosmethyl using broad bean leaf discs sprayed in a Potter tower. LC50s for fenvalerate were similar at 24 and 48 hr (0.056 and 0.051g AI/1) while LC50s for azinphosmethyl were significantly different at 24 and 48 hr (0.72 and 0.38g AI/1, respectively). Mortality was partitioned to run-off and direct mortality. Fenvalerate showed an increasing contribution to mortality by run-off with increasing concentration. Increasing concentrations of azinphosmethyl had no effect on the proportion of T. urticae running off the discs. Fenvalerate inhibited egg production c.f. azinphosmethyl (60% and 20% inhibition respectively c.f. control after 24hr). The effect was not permanent. Carbaryl showed no acaricidal or inhibitory effects at 1g AI/1. T. urticae detected fenvalerate residues as reflected by choice of oviposition sites on untreated halves of leaf discs c.f. treated halves. Azinphosmethyl had no effect on oviposition preference. Phytoseiid mites were highly sensitive to fenvalerate residues. Predators moved off the test arena into sticky barriers after feeding on fenvalerate-treated eggs or walking on glass slides treated at 0.00005g AI/1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 7 (1964), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Beziehung zweier Kohlfliegen-Populationen (Hylemyia brassicae Bouché) zu fäulniserregenden Bakterien an Kreuzblütlern in Verbindung mit dem von den Larven verursachten Schaden untersucht. 92 bez. 90% der Eier und 100 bez. 35% der Puparien, die sich an Kohlrüben und Chinakohl entwickelten, trugen pathogene Bakterien. Pathogene Kulturen wurden von 44% der Präpuppen-Häute aus Puparien der Chinakohl-Populationen erhalten. Die Larven vermochten fäulniserregende Bakterien wirksam auf gesunde Gewebe zu übertragen und förderten die Entwicklung und Ausbreitung der Fäule. Beim Schlüpfen waren die Imagines innerlich nicht stark kontaminiert, beschmierten sich aber offenbar äußerlich durch Kontakt mit dem Inneren der Puppengehäuse und der Präpuppen-Häute. Ein als Erwinia spec. identifizierter Bakterientyp konnte durchgängig von allen Stadien der Kohlfliege isoliert werden, die sich an Kohlrüben entwickelten. Er verursacht bei Kohlrüben eine langsame nekrotische Fäulnis und dunkle Verfärbung der befallenen Gewebe. Dieses Bakterium scheint antagonistisch zu anderen Bakterien zu sein, da nur sehr wenige andere Keime mit Stadien der Insekten dieser Population vergesellschaftet gefunden wurden. Umgekehrt fanden sich viele verschiedene Bakterientypen auf Stadien der auf dem Chinakohl lebenden Kohlfliegen. Die Virulenz der pathogenen Kulturen variierte beträchtlich, jedoch verursachten alle irgendeine Art der Weichfäule. Einige dieser aus dem Inneren oberflächlich sterilisierter Puparien isolierten Kulturen wurden als Pseudomonas spec. and Aerobacter spec. bestimmt. Die Art der bakteriellen Kontamination der Kohlfliege scheint hauptsächlich von der Empfänglichkeit ihrer kreuzblütigen Wirtspflanzen gegenüber verschiedenen Typen der Fäulnis nach Verletzung durch die Kohlfliegenmaden abhängig zu sein. Die allgemeinen Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Insekt und den fäulniserregenden Bakterien werden beschrieben.
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria pathogenic to crucifers were isolated from 92% of the eggs from flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) of a population from rutabaga (Swede; Brassica napus napobrassica) and from 90% of those from a population from Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). The larvae transmitted the decay-causing bacteria to healthy tissues and aided in the development and spread of the rot. Of bacterial isolates from the interior of surface-sterile puparia, decay was caused by 100% of those from the rutabaga population and 35% of those from Chinese cabbage. Pathogenic cultures were also obtained from 44% of the prepupal linings of the Chinese cabbage population. The light internal contamination of adults at eclosion showed that the flies became contaminated externally from the interior of the puparia. The two populations of H. brassicae studied were contaminated with distinctly different types of bacteria. Erwinia sp., the predominant isolate from the rutabaga population, grew best on rutabaga. It caused a slow necrotic collapse and a dark pigmentation of the tissues, but not a soft-rot. Many different types of bacterial contaminants were associated with the stages of the cabbage maggot from Chinese cabbage. Green pigmenting, non-pathogenic forms were very prevalent. All pathogenic cultures caused some type of soft-rot. Some of these cultures were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Aerobacter sp.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 7 (1964), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kohlfliege, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché), wurde vom Ei bis zur Imago auf keimfreiem Kohlrüben-Gewebe gezogen. Insgesamt verpuppten sich 17 aseptische Larven; und die 6 Männchen und 7 Weibchen, die später daraus schlüpften, waren ebenfalls bakterienfrei. Die Larven entwickelten sich nicht auf hitzesterilisiertem Gewebe, oder wenn dieses Gewebe mit fäulniserregenden Bakterien versetzt wurde. Ein Vergleich der Larvalentwicklung auf aseptischen Kohlrüben-Stücken, die mit verschiedenen Arten fäulniserregender Bakterien infiziert waren, zeigt, daß sich die Larven am besten entwickelten, wenn keine Bakterien anwesend waren oder wenn das Kohlrüben-Gewebe nur langsam faulte. Es kamen weniger Larven zur Verpuppung, und die Puparien waren am kleinsten, wenn die Larven mit Kohlrüben-Gewebe ernährt wurden, das infolge Befalls mit Erwinia atroseptica (van Hall) Jennison oder Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holland rasch faulte. Die Verpuppungs-Prozentsätze der Larven nach Fütterung mit Kohlrüben-Stücken, die mit E. atroseptica, E. carotovora, einer unbekannten Erwinia-Art (die eine langsame Fäulnis verursacht) oder einem Gemisch von E. atroseptica und der Erwinia-Art infiziert waren, sowie in der Kontrolle (ohne Bakterien), betrugen 28, 55, 70, 81, und 75%. Eine unbekannte Erwinia-Art, die durchgängig von verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der Kohlfliege von Kohlrüben-Feldern isoliert werden konnte, hemmte die von E. atroseptica ausgelösten Fäulnisprozesse, wenn ein Gemisch der beiden Bakterien in Kohlrüben-Gewebestücke gebracht wurde. Dies vermag zum Teil das geringe Auftreten der Weichfäule auf Kohlrüben-Feldern zu erklären, die von Kohlfliegen befallen sind.
    Notes: Abstract The cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) was reared from egg to adult under aseptic conditions on rutabaga (Swede; Brassica napus napobrassica). No larvae survived either on contaminated or uncontaminated rutabaga plugs sterilized by heat. A comparison of larval development on rutabaga inoculated with several species of decay-producing bacteria showed that larvae developed best on healthy uncontaminated rutabaga tissue or on rutabaga tissue that decayed slowly. Survival was lowest and puparia were smallest when larvae fed on plugs that were decayed rapidly by virulent soft-rot bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Olfactory sensitivity ; grasshoppers ; electroantennogram ; Larrea ; hostplant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses antennaires ont été examinées par électroantennogramme aux odeurs de plantes hôtes et non hôtes d'orthoptères Gomphocerinae de comportements alimentaires différents: Bootettix argentatus, monophage sur une dicotylédone, Larrea; Ligurotettix coquilletti, oligophage de dicotylédones; Cibolacris parviceps, polyphage; Chorthippus curtipennis, graminivore. Les types de réponse des quatre espèces étaient très voisins, mais les réponses aux odeurs de Larrea de B. argentatus et L. coquilletti, spécialistes de cette plante, étaient relativement plus fortes. Ces résultats suggèrent une similarité globale considérable dans la composition des populations de récepteurs olfactifs de ces quatre espèces d'orthoptères mais aussi une certaine spécificité pour les odeurs de la plante hôte au niveau antennaire.
    Notes: Abstract Antennal responses to host and non-host odours were recorded, using the electroantennogram technique, from four gomphocerine grasshoppers with different feeding habits: Bootettix argentatus (monophagous on Larrea, a dicotyledonous plant), Ligurotettix coquilletti (oligophagous on dicotyledonous plants), Cibolacris parviceps (polyphagous) and Chorthippus curtipennis (graminivorous). The patterns of responses across the plant odours were similar for all four grasshopper species, but there was a relatively greater response to the odour of Larrea in B. argentatus and L. coquilletti which specialise on this plant. This suggests that there is considerable overall similarity in the make up of the olfactory receptor populations of these four grasshoppers species, but that some specificity for hostplant odour does exist at the antennal level.
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