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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Natural killing (NK) activities were measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 patients with Werner's syndrome (WS), and the results were compared with those of 187 normal individuals at different ages. The NK activities of healthy donors were demonstrated in a characteristic and invariable manner in accordance with the age and the sex, whereas the activities of WS patients were considerably reduced irrespective of the age and the sex. When normal PBL were preincubated with WS sera containing anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALA) plus rabbit complement, the NK activities of the surviving PBL were markedly reduced when compared with those of PBL treated with other heterologous ALA of rabbit origin in the same manner. PBL from WS patients treated with purified human leucocyte interferon augmented the NK activity even beyond the range of controls. These results suggested that NK activities in WS patients were reduced in a manner similar to that in normal old individuals. The ALA reactive to NK cells in WS patients may participate in the reduction of NK activities. The augmentative effect of interferon on NK activities in WS patients may also suggest the possible blocking of potent NK activities by an unknown mechanism rather than an intrinsic defect of their NK cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 8 (1992), S. 2479-2485 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a causative virus of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), is known to be transmitted by breast-feeding. Using a monoclonal antibody HML-1 which labels human intestinal intra-epithelial T lymphocytes, we have immunohistochemically examined ATLL tissues in order to evaluate the possibility that HTLV-1 infected intestinal T cells are the origin of ATLL cells. Previously this antibody was reported to react with intestinal T-cell malignant lymphomas but not with peripheral tumours, or any B-cell lymphomas. We investigated 181 patients with malignant lymphomas and found that 19 out of 113 ATLLs were positive for HML-1. T-cell malignant lymphomas excluding ATLL also reacted with HML-1 (7/24), but all the B-cell lymphomas 0/33) and non-neoplastic lymph node and skin lesions (0/10) were negative for HML-1. In patients with ATLL and other T-cell malignant lymphomas, the positivity level of HML-1 was relatively higher in stomach (3/7) and tonsil (2/6) than that in lymph nodes (15/100) and skin (8/47). We observed one HML-1 positive ATLL patient with tumour formation in the skin and lymphadenopathy and marked infiltration of the large intestine but minimal involvement of other organs. Although HML-1 was frequently expressed in gastric infiltration of ATLL, the level of positivity was too low in lymph nodes to support the hypothesis that HTLV-1 infected intestinal T cells are the origin of ATLL cells. Some of the HML-1 positive ATLL cases co-expressed CD30. Furthermore, three of six cases of Ki-1 lymphoma (large anaplastic cell lymphoma) were positive for HML-1. We conclude that expression of HML-1 in ATLL reflects an activated state of the lymphoma cells, but not the intestinal origin of ATLL cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— In order to study the relation between the scatter characteristics of small crack growth behaviour and fatigue life, rotatory bending fatigue tests of smooth specimens were carried out using 0.21% carbon steels of different ferrite grain sizes. Fifteen to eighteen specimens were fatigued at each stress amplitude, and the initiation and propagation behaviour of the cracks which led to the final fractures were examined for all the specimens. The physical basis of scatter in fatigue life was investigated, based on the successive observation of fatigue damage on the surface using the plastic replica technique, followed by an analysis of the data assuming a Weibull distribution. A statistical investigation of the physical basis of scatter in relation to the ferrite grain size was performed, i.e. the distributions for crack initiation life, crack propagation life, fatigue life and growth rate of small cracks. Finally, the fluctuation of crack growth rate was studied in relation to the application of a crack growth law for microstructurally small cracks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Since heat-treated high strength steels are often used as materials for machines and structures that operate under severe service conditions, it is important to evaluate their fatigue life. Hence the growth law of a small fatigue crack must be known in order to estimate the fatigue life of machines and structures since the life of such members is controlled mainly by the behaviour of a small crack. The growth rate of a small crack can not be predicted usually by linear elastic fracture mechanics, but can be determined uniquely by the term σnal, where σa is stress amplitude, l is crack length and n is a material constant. In this paper, the small-crack growth law of heat-treated carbon steels and low alloy steels was studied. An effective and convenient method based on a small-crack growth law, dl/dN=C3(σa/σa)nl is proposed, where σu is the ultimate tensile strength, for predicting the small crack propagation life of heat- treated steels with different tensile strength levels, together with a method for determining the fatigue life of plain members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In order to investigate the physical basis of scatter in fatigue behaviour, rotatory bending of smooth fatigue specimens was carried out using two steels with different microstructures (ferrite/pearlite and tempered martensite). Fifteen or sixteen specimens were fatigued at each stress, and the initiation and propagation behaviour of a crack which led to the final fracture were examined for all the specimens. The emphasis was to investigate the scatter characteristics of fatigue behaviour based on the scatter of small crack propagation data. The data were analysed by assuming the Weibull distribution, and a statistical investigation of the physical basis of scatter was performed, i.e. the distributions for fatigue life, crack propagation life and growth rate of small cracks were established and the relation between the scatter in those distributions was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Usually, there is large scatter in fatigue data and this should be evaluated quantitatively when fatigue data are applied to the design of machines and structures. Consequently it is important to clarify the physical basis of scatter in fatigue life. In this present study, rotary bending fatigue tests were performed on an annealed 0.21% carbon steel. At least sixteen smooth specimens were fatigued at each of three stress ranges and successive observations of the surface were studied for all the specimens using the plastic replica method. By examining the initiation and propagation behaviour of cracks the physical basis of scatter in fatigue life is analysed and discussed. To estimate the scatter characteristics quantitatively, the distributions of crack initiation life, propagation life, fatigue life and crack length were individually studied by assuming a Weibull distribution for each set of data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— In order to clarify the statistical behaviour of microcracks, rotating bending fatigue tests of plain specimens were carried out using two kinds of carbon steel with different microstructures, normalized 0.21% C steel and heat-treated 0.45% C steel. The emphasis is to investigate separately the statistical properties of the initiation and propagation of microcracks through successive observations of the specimen surface. Results show that the microcrack initiation life distributions of normalized and heat-treated steels are expressed by a two-parameter Weibull distribution and a Weibull distribution of the mixed type, respectively. On the other hand, the microcrack propagation life distributions of these steels are represented by three-and two-parameter Weibull distributions, respectively. The three-parameter Weibull distribution is well fitted to the crack length distribution for both the steels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— When estimating fatigue damage quantitatively it is important to clarify its physical basis. In this study, rotating bending fatigue tests of a heat-treated 0.45% carbon steel were carried out in 3% NaCl solution, in order to clarify the physical basis of corrosion fatigue damage from successive observations of plastic replicas. The results show that corrosion pits are generated during the early stages of cycling, then most of them grow with further cycling until a crack is initiated from each corrosion pit. The initiation of corrosion pits from slip bands is observed only in the case when the stress range is relatively large, and in the range of stress for which slip bands are produced in air. After initiation of a crack, the crack propagates by frequent interactions and coalescence with other cracks. The growth rate of an especially small crack in NaCl solution is larger than that in air. However, the growth rate of a comparatively large crack is smaller in NaCl solution than in air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 24 (1991), S. 61-63 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new powder diffractometer has been designed which can be used for various experimental geometries such as the long-arm Bragg–Brentano method, Guinier method and parallel-beam method. The X-ray source, goniometer and scintillation counter are placed on rails so that the source-to-monochromator, monochromator-to-sample and sample-to-counter distances can be changed arbitrarily. A FWHM of 0.07° for the Kα1 peak of the silicon 111 reflection was obtained by lengthening the counter arm in the Bragg-Brentano method. Rather high angular resolution was achieved by the Guinier and parallel-beam methods for organic samples having poor crystallinity and low absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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