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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the 300 and 600 MHz1H-NMR spectra of poly(3-vinyl thiopene) (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 28 (1992), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The 300 and 600 MHz1H-NMR spectra of poly-(3-vinyl thiophene) synthesized via free radical initiated polymerization are presented and analyzed. The spectra are similar to those of poly-(2-vinyl thiophene) and were interpreted in a like manner. The polymer was found to be atactic with a Pm value of 0.48±.05.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045643
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symplectic reduction and topology for applications in classical molecular dynamics (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 (1992), S. 1281-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: This paper aims to introduce readers with backgrounds in classical molecular dynamics to some ideas in geometric mechanics that may be useful. This is done through some simple but specific examples: (i) the separation of the rotational and internal energies in an arbitrarily floppy N-body system and (ii) the reduction of the phase space accompanying the change from the laboratory coordinate system to the center of mass coordinate system relevant to molecular collision dynamics. For the case of two-body molecular systems constrained to a plane, symplectic reduction is employed to demonstrate explicitly the separation of translational, rotational, and internal energies and the corresponding reductions of the phase space describing the dynamics for Hamiltonian systems with symmetry. Further, by examining the topology of the energy-momentum map, a unified treatment is presented of the reduction results for the description of (i) the classical dynamics of rotating and vibrating diatomic molecules, which correspond to bound trajectories and (ii) the classical dynamics of atom–atom collisions, which correspond to scattering trajectories. This provides a framework for the treatment of the dynamics of larger N-body systems, including the dynamics of larger rotating and vibrating polyatomic molecular systems and the dynamics of molecule–molecule collisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-precision harmonic magnetic-field measurement and analysis using a fixed angle Hall probe (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2548-2555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A special theoretical concept involving the harmonic magnetic-field measurement and analysis method using a fixed angle Hall probe was developed at the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (SRRC) for measuring as well as analyzing the triple bending achromat magnets of the storage ring. The method can be used to simulate the harmonic magnetic-field calculation of the two-dimensional (2D) "magnet'' program. This method has a quite simple mechanism. The Hall plate was fixed at a 0° angle with respect to the horizontal plane of magnet to measure only the vertical field. Additionally, the 2D nonlinear least-square fitting was used to fit the mapping data so as to find the normal and skew multipole field strength. If necessary, the angle of Hall probe could be rotated 90° precisely for measuring the horizontal field. Consequently, the skew dipole field could be obtained. A real-time Hall-probe automatic magnetic-field measurement system was also developed for fulfilling the concept of the harmonic field measurement. Some special mapping trajectories for different kinds of magnets were discussed to match this special theoretical concept with the analysis methodology. This was done so as to obtain the reliable and accurate harmonic field strength. The accuracy and precision of the harmonic field strength measurement and analysis of this method being better than ±0.01% was confirmed by experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144650
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic-Scale Resolution in Atomic Force Microscopy (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 1660-1662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00018a008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convective heat transfer through polarized dielectric liquids (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 3273-3279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electrically insulating layer of a dielectric liquid confined between horizontal conducting electrodes, the upper of which is warmer, becomes unstable with respect to the onset of steady convection when the voltage between the plates reaches a critical value. In a rapidly varying ac field this instability is due to the Kelvin body force which depends on the polarization P and the gradient of the electric field E. Our recent linear stability analysis [Chem. Phys. Letters 179, 311 (1991)] for the critical voltage showed that as the gravitational Rayleigh number becomes increasingly negative the critical wave number at the onset of convection becomes very large. We now extend this analysis to examine how the Nusselt number depends on the extent of supercriticality in the weakly nonlinear regime. As the temperature drop between the plates increases the fraction of the heat transfer associated with convection is found to pass through a maximum value when the critical horizontal wave number is close to 4 times its value when gravity is absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858684
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of grain exposure and smoking on the longitudinal changes in immediate skin reactivity (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of occupational exposure and smoking on the longitudinal changes of immediate skin reactivity over 3 years in working populations. A total of 480 grain elevator workers and 707 transit and ferry (control) workers were included because they had allergy skin tests on both surveys. Skin-prick texts using three common allergens and a negative and histamine controls were administered during both surveys. The reaction was considered positive if the mean weal size was 3 mm or greater than that of the negative control. Conversion was defined as a change from the non-atopic state in the initial survey to the atopic state in the follow-up survey. Reversion was defined as a change from the atopic state in the initial survey to the non-atopic state in the follow-up survey. The findings showed that grain workers had two times risk of conversion than control workers. Recent smokers, who changed their habit from non-smoker/ex-smoker to smoker in the follow-up survey, were at a three times risk of conversion than non-smokers. The reversion of skin-test reactivity was not associated with age, smoking habits, or working exposure. When investigating studies of longitudinal changes in immediate skin reactivity, the effects of age, changes in smoking habit and occupational exposure should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02727.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of Fluoroaluminate Glasses (1991)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 32-33 (Jan. 1991), p. 595-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.32-33.595.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Rare Earth Fluoride on Properties of Fluoroaluminate Glass (1991)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 67-68 (Jan. 1991), p. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.67-68.239.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive blockage of the sodium channel by intracellular magnesium ions in central mammalian neurones (1991)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 19 (1991), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Sodium channel ; Patch clamp ; Cerebellar ; granule cells ; Intracellular magnesium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to determine from macroscopic current analysis how intracellular magnesium ions, Mg i 2+ , interfere with sodium channels of mammalian neurones. It is reported here that permeation across the sodium channel is voltage- and concentration-dependently reduced by Mg i 2+ . This results in a general reduction of sodium membrane conductance and an outward sodium peak current at large positive potentials. 30 mM Mg i 2+ leads to a negative shift of voltage dependence of sodium channel gating parameters, probably due to the surface potential change of the membrane. This shift alone is, however, insufficient to explain the reduction of outward sodium currents. The blockage by Mg i 2+ is decreased upon increasing intracellular or extracellular Na+ concentration, which suggests that Mg?' interferes with sodium permeation by competitively occupying sodium channels. Using a kinetic model to describe the sodium permeation, the dissociation constant (at zero membrane potential) of Mg i 2+ for the sodium channel has been calculated to be 8.65 ± 1.51 mM, with its binding site located at 0.26 ± 0.05 electrical distance from the inner membrane. This dissociation constant is smaller than that of Na i +, which is 83.76 ± 7.60 mM with its binding site located at 0.75 ± 0.23. The low dissociation constant of Mg i 2+ reflects its high affinity for the sodium channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage dependent calcium channels in cerebellar granule cell primary cultures (1991)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 20 (1991), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Calcium channels ; Cerebellar granule cells ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Voltage activated calcium channels were studied in rat cerebellar granule cells in primary culture. Macroscopic currents, carried by 20 mM Ba2+, were measured in the whole-cell configuration. Slowly inactivating macroscopic currents, with a maximum value at a membrane potential around 5 mV were recorded between the 1st and the 4th day in culture. These currents were completely blocked by 5 mM Co2+ , partially blocked by 10 μM nifedipine, and increased by 2 to 5 μM BAY K-8644. Two types of channels, in the presence of 80 mM Ba2+, were identified by single channel recording in cell-attached patches. The first type, which was dihydropyridine agonist sensitive, had a conductance of 18 pS, a half activation potential of more than 10 mV and did not inactivate. This type of channel was the only type found during the first four days in culture, although it was also present up to the 11th day. The second type of channel was dihydropyridine insensitive, had a conductance of 10 pS, a half activation potential less than −15 mV and displayed voltage dependent inactivation. This second type of channel was found in cells for more than four days in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01561138
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