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Notes: The Chicago mineral-carbonate oxygen isotope fractionation curves have been combined with mineral-water fractionation data for jadeite, zoisite and rutile and new data for grossular-water to provide a set of self-consistent mineral-pair calibrations. The A coefficients in the equation 1000 In α=A× 106T-2 of the new mineral-pair fractionations areJadeite Zoisite Grossular RutileQuartz 1.69 2.00 3.03 5.02Jadeite 0.31 1.34 3.33Zoisite 1.03 3.02Grossular 1.99The isotopic fractionation properties of natural pyralspite garnet [(Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn)3Al2Si3O12] can be approximated by those of the grossular end-member. Appropriate substitutions also yield coefficients for the solid-solution minerals: sodic pyroxene and epidote, e.g. A quartz-sodic pyroxene= 2.75 - 1.06Xjd, A quartz-epidote= 2.00 + 0.75Xpswhere XJd and XPs are the mole fractions of the jadeite and pistacite components, respectively.The new data set is particularly suitable for the geothermometry of metamorphic rocks. δ18O data from minerals of the high-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Sesia Zone of Italy and Cyclades Complex of Greece yield well-constrained mean temperatures of 572 and 478d̀ C, respectively. Type III blueschist metabasalts of the Franciscan Formation of California give mean quartz-garnet temperatures of 354d̀ C.

Notes: Abstract Petrological, oxygen isotope and 40Ar/39Ar studies were used to constrain the Tertiary metamorphic evolution of the lower tectonic unit of the Cyclades on Tinos. Polyphase high-pressure metamorphism reached pressures in excess of 15 kbar, based on measurements of the Si content in potassic white mica. Temperatures of 450–500° C at the thermal peak of high-pressure metamorphism were estimated from critical metamorphic assemblages, the validity of which is confirmed by a quartz–magnetite oxygen isotope temperature of 470° C. Some 40Ar/39Ar spectra of white mica give plateau ages of 44–40 Ma that are considered to represent dynamic recrystallization under peak or slightly post-peak high-pressure metamorphic conditions. Early stages in the prograde high-pressure evolution may be documented by older apparent ages in the high-temperature steps of some spectra.Eclogite to epidote blueschist facies mineralogies were partially or totally replaced by retrograde greenschist facies assemblages during exhumation. Oxygen isotope thermometry of four quartz–magnetite pairs from greenschist samples gives temperatures of 440–470° C which cannot be distinguished from those deduced for the high-pressure event. The exhumation and overprint is documented by decreasing ages of 32–28 Ma in some greenschists and late-stage blueschist rocks, and ages of 30–20 Ma in the lower temperature steps of the Ar release patterns of blueschist micas. Almost flat parts of Ar–Ar release spectra of some greenschist micas gave ages of 23–21 Ma which are assumed to represent incomplete resetting caused by a renewed prograde phase of greenschist metamorphism.Oxygen isotope compositions of blueschist and greenschist facies minerals show no evidence for the infiltration of a δ18O-enriched fluid. Rather, the compositions indicate that fluid to rock ratios were very low, the isotopic compositions being primarily controlled by those of the protolith rocks. We assume that the fundamental control catalysing the transformation of blueschists into greenschists and the associated resetting of their isotopic systems was the selective infiltration of metamorphic fluid. A quartz–magnetite sample from a contact metamorphic skarn, taken near the Miocene monzogranite of Tinos, gave an oxygen isotope temperature of 555° C and calculated water composition of 9.1%. The value of δ18O obtained from this water is consistent with a primary magmatic fluid, but is lower than that of fluids associated with the greenschist overprint, which indicates that the latter event cannot be directly related to the monozogranite intrusion.

Notes: The features of the Intergraph InterMap digital photogrammetric workstation are described. The flexibility of the photogrammetric and image processing capabilities of InterMap allows the system to be fully integrated into a number of fields of special application without the need for a photogrammetric operator, but data handling should still be controlled by a photogrammetric expert. 〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Résumé On d'crit dans cet article les l'ments caracteristiques de la station de photogramétrie numérique InterMap d'Intergraph. Si la souplesse des possibilityés offertes par InterMap dans les traitements ďimages ou de photogramétrie permet au systéme de s'intégrer pleinement dans un large domaine ďapplication spéciales sans recourir a'ľaide ďun opérateurphotogrammétre, il n‘en reste pas moins que la manipulation des donnees doit rester sous le contrôle ďun spécialiste de la photogramétrie. 〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Beschreibung der Charakteristika der digitalen photogrammetrischen Arbeitsstation Inter Map von Intergraph. Die Flexibilität der photogrammetrischen und Bildverarbeitungs-komponenten gestattet die voile Integration des Systems bei einer Anzahl von Sonderanwendungen, ohne daβ dazu ein photogrammetrischer Auswerter erforderlich ist, jedoch sollte die Datenbehandlung weiterhin von einem photogrammetrischen Experten gesteuert werden.

Notes: The colour deterioration of muscle in iced and frozen stored bonito, yellowfin and skipjack tuna caught in Seychelles waters has been determined. Storage life on ice before noticeable browning occurred was 12- 14 days for yellowfin tuna and 7 days for bonito and skipjack tuna. At cold storage temperatures above -30°C colour deterioration was very rapid. A new procedure has been devised for preparing the water extract necessary for the analysis of the ratio of met- to oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin.

Notes: In 28 children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia for open heart surgery, an attempt was made to maintain pH at 7.4 not corrected for temperature by varying the CO2 concentration supplied to the oxygenator so that the PaCO2 was 5.33 kPa, not corrected for temperature. One to two percent CO2 gave satisfactory results. Five percent CO2 had previously been given. No adverse clinical side effects were noted, and the acid-base status remainpd stable for 24 hours in 16 patients. There are strong theoretical reasons for maintaining a pH of 7.4, uncorrected for temperature, during hypothermia and a clinical impression was gained of better myocardial function and improved systemic and cerebral perfusion.

Notes: The variation in myofibrillar protein thermostability was compared for various fish species, using differential scanning calorimetry. The tropical fish, catfish (Clarius gariepinus), carp (Cyprinus carpio), Nile perch (Lates niloticus), red snapper (Lutianus sebae), red mullet (Parpeneus barberinus), sea bream (Gymnocranius rivalatus), and cold-water reared trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cod (Gadus morhua) were analysed. Onset temperature of myofibrillar protein denaturation occurred at up to 11°C higher for tropical species (43.5°C, catfish), than cod (32.6°C) at pH 7 and low ionic strength (I). As pH (6.0-8.0) and I (0.05-1.00) were increased, thermal denaturation temperatures of myosins from tropical, but not cold-water, species decreased. Enthalpies of myofibrillar denaturation decreased for all species with increasing pH and I. Only one thermal transition was detected for myosin at pH 6 and low I, increasing to three as pH and I were increased. Changes in thermal characteristics of myosin subunits over iced and frozen storage suggest more rapid deterioration in cold-water than in tropical fish. The differences in myofibrillar stability of fish from different habitat temperatures have implications for the processing and storage of tropical fish.

Notes: Abstract Stimulation of hepatic microsomal NAD(P)H-dependent hydroxyl radical (·OH) production by model compounds, viz. menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and nitrofurantoin (N-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidene)-1-aminohydantoin), and pollutant xenobiotics, viz. benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) diones (products of microsomal BaP metabolism), duroquinone (tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone—present in pulp mill effluent), and the pesticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), was examined in flounder Platichthys flesus. Duroquinone was also studied in perch Perca fluviatilis, a freshwater species used in studies of pulp mill effluents in the aquatic environment. Microsomal ·OH production was detected by the oxidation of the scavenging agent 2-keto-4-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA), using FeCl3/EDTA as a promotor of the Haber-Weiss reaction (O 2 − +H2O2=·OH+OH−+O2). All xenobiotics tested, except lindane, showed synergistic interactions with ferric/EDTA indicative of redox cycling of the xenobiotic. Inhibition of menadione- and nitrofurantoin-stimulated ·OH production by superoxide dismutase (50% inhibition) and catalase (80%) indicated respectively the involvement of O 2 − and H2O2 in ·OH production. Maximal rates of KMBA oxidation (Vmax in nmol ethylene/min/mg protein) were similar for NADH and NADPH for menadione (4.58–4.61) and duroquinone (0.26–0.3 [flounder] and 0.93–0.99 [perch]), higher for NADPH than NADH for nitrofurantoin (1.21 and 0.77), and higher for NADH than NADPH for BaP diones, decreasing in the order 1,6-dione (1.12 and 0.14), 3,6-dione (0.75 and 0.25), and 6,12-dione (0.31 and 0.09). Rates for lindane, lacking a redox cycling structure, were low (0.01–0.05). Apparent Km (app. Km) values for xenobiotic were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower for BaP diones than the other compounds. App. Km was lower for NADH than NADPH for 3,6-dione (1.23 and 1.66 μM) and 6,12-dione (0.85 and 1.81 μM), but the reverse of this was found for the 1,6-dione (1.41 and 0.78 μM). App. Km values were almost identical for menadione and duroquinone and lower for NADPH (32–44 μM) than NADH (346–382 μM). The reverse was seen for nitrofurantoin, viz., 76 μM (NADH) and 269 μM (NADPH). Hepatic 1000 g supernatants of P. flesus metabolized BaP to oxyradical-generating products, moreso for β-naphthoflavone-induced than control fish, and production was reduced by UDP-glucuronic acid for the latter but not the former. The studies indicate a widespread potential for contaminant-stimulated oxyradical generation via redox cycling and other free radical interactions of xenobiotics and their metabolites.