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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 2318-2323 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A source of thermal, ground-state atomic oxygen has been used to expose thin copper films at a flux of 1.4×1017 atoms/cm2 s for times up to 50 min for each of five temperatures between 140 and 200 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was used to characterize the oxide formed during exposure. The observations are consistent with the oxide phase Cu2O. The time dependence and the temperature dependence of the oxide layer thickness can be described using oxide film growth theory based on rate limitation by diffusion. Within the time and temperature ranges of this study, the growth of the oxide layers is well described by the equation L(T,t)=3.6×108 exp(−1.1/2kBT)t12, where L, T, and t are measured in angstroms, degrees Kelvin, and minutes, respectively. The deduced activation energy is 1.10±0.15 eV, with the attendant oxidation rate being greater than that for the corresponding reaction in molecular oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 384-386 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Specific contact resistance measurements are reported for Al-Ti ohmic contacts to epitaxial p-type 6H-SiC as a function of epitaxial doping. The circular transmission line method was used to measure the specific contact resistance including the sheet resistance of the epitaxial layer and the modified sheet resistance under the contact. Epitaxial layers with Al doping between 5.5×1015 and 2×1019 cm−3 yielded specific contact resistances between 2.9×10−2 and 1.5×10−5 Ω cm2. A good theoretical fit to the contact resistance data was obtained by assuming the metal-6H-SiC barrier height to equal 0.37 eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A model called SPNM from the words “sediment-phosphorus-nitrogen model” was developed for simulating agricultural contributions to water pollution. SPNM is designed to predict sediment, P, and N yields for individual storms on small basins and to route these yields through streams and valleys of large basins. Users need no computer programming experience because the model is a problem-oriented computer language. SPNM is useful in planning water resources projects and in research. Tests of the model on a watershed provided realistic results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 3121-3131 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion-beam mixing of tin on iron provides corrosion protection against high-temperature oxidation. Previous studies have been inconclusive as to the exact composition and distribution of alloys produced at the Fe/Sn interface. This study provides a detailed diagram of Fe-Sn specimens after ion-beam mixing with Ar+ at 40 keV and a dose of 5×1016 ions/cm2 . The interface was isotopically labeled with 7.5 nm of 57 Fe and 119 Sn so that dual perspective conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy could be performed. Analyses in this manner allowed comparison of 119 Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) and 57 Fe CEMS spectra to accurately assign spectral components which could not be conclusively assigned using a single CEMS perspective. Information from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry confirmed the layered nature of specimens prior to implantation and was used for depth determination of the mixed region after implantation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy also provided information after implantation. Data indicate the formation of a uniform amorphous surface during implantation resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of components consisting mainly of dilute tin in iron (approximately 8-at. % Sn) and FeSnx (x≈1). About 80% of the 37.5-nm tin overlayer was removed by sputtering. The components identified are somewhat more iron rich than previous assignments and illustrate the difference in surface structures resulting from various implantation parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The economic feasibility of using the retort pouch for processing, packaging and distributing processed fruit and vegetable products during a period of rising energy prices was examined. A retort pouch packaging system was found to be the overall minimum cost packaging system among three packaging systems considered—an existing canning line, a new canning line, and a retort pouch line. Although the costs associated with acquiring and maintaining the durable machinery for retort pouch processing are significantly higher than for a new canning system or an existing canning system, other operating expenditures considered in the packaging systems are considerably lower. Lower freight costs, attributed to the lighter weight and smaller volume of pouches and the comparatively lower purchase price of retort pouches than cans, are the major contributors to the cost effectiveness of the retort pouch packaging system. Energy savings in processing the pouch versus the can are of little significance, but the comparatively lower amount of energy used in transportation and container manufacture has an important role in the cost effectiveness of the retort pouch packaging system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 9 (1984), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study provides a tentative explanation of the spatial distribution of economic activity in Canada, with a focus upon the role of inter-industry linkages. Location of economic activity for each of one hundred and nine three-digit S.I.C. manufacturing industries is explained by use of a “tobit” model incorporating backward and forward linkage variables. The two sets of linkage variables in each tobit equation were reduced by extraction of one principal component from each set, using the matrix of cosines of the variables. A set of control variables completes the set of explanatory variables. The overall explanatory power of our equations was remarkably high and the role of inter-industry linkages is unmistakable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 22 (1990), S. 259-277 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical fibres made from heavy metal fluorides have been under development for much of the past decade. There have been significant advances in understanding the fundamental characteristics of these materials. Progress towards achieving low optical losses and in optimizing the design of fluoride fibres for use in long transmission systems is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: prehospital thrombolysis ; myocardial infarction ; streptokinase ; mobile coronary care unit ; delay time ; mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to assess the feasibility and outcome of using prehospital thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in a rural community, we performed an open randomized study of patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction of less than 6 hours. One hundred and forty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction were allocated to receive IV streptokinase prehospital by means of a mobile coronary care unit (MCCU) (n=43) or to receive IV streptokinase in hospital (n=102). The mean delay time to treatment was 138 minutes (MCCU group) and 172 minutes (hospital group) (p〈0.02). Reperfusion time was 88 minutes for the MCCU group and 92 minutes for the hospital group. Mortality at 14 days was 2.3% for the MCCU group and 11.7% for the hospital group (p〈0.05). Six month mortality was 4.9% for the MCCU group and 17.3% for the hospital group (p=0.03). Mortality at 1 year was 6.1% for the MCCU group and 20.0% for the hospital group (p=0.04). There were no significant adverse events in either treatment group. Thus, prehospital thrombolysis by streptokinase is feasible and allows significant reduction in the delay time to treatment initiation. There are encouraging improvements in both short- and long-term survival with no apparent reduction in safety profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Chilo sacchariphagus ; sugar cane borer ; electroantennography ; (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female sex pheromone of the sugar cane borer,Chilo sacchariphagus, has been shown to contain the two structurally related compounds, (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate (I) and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol (II). These components were detected in female abdominal tip extracts by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) combined with electroantennography (EAG), and were identified by their GLC behavior, microozonolysis, and interconversion, and by comparison of natural and synthetic material. Field tests in Mauritius showed that traps baited with components I and II combined in ratios from 1∶1 to 9∶1 caught maleC. sacchariphagus moths, and that the 7∶1 ratio was comparable in performance with a virgin female moth. Neither component presented separately in traps caught significant numbers of moths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 30 (1994), S. 113-138 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides a review and justification of the minimum data needed to characterize soils for hazardous waste site assessments and to comply with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Scientists and managers within the regulatory agency and the liable party need to know what are the important soil characteristics needed to make decisions about risk assessment, what areas need remediation and what remediation options are available. If all parties involved in characterizing a hazardous waste site can agree on the required soils data set prior to starting a site investigation, data can be collected in a more efficient and less costly manner. Having the proper data will aid in reaching decisions on how to address concerns at, and close-out, hazardous waste sites. This paper was prepared to address two specific concerns related to soil characterization for CERCLA remedial response. The first concern is the applicability of traditional soil classification methods to CERCLA soil characterization. The second is the identification of soil characterization data type required for CERCLA risk assessment and analysis of remedial alternatives. These concerns are related, in that the Data Quality Objective (DQO) process addresses both. The DQO process was developed in part to assist CERCLA decision-makers in identifying the data types, data quality, and data quantity required to support decisions that must be made during the remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) process. Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities: Development Process (US EPA, 1987a) is a guidebook on developing DQOs. This process as it relates to CERCLA soil characterization is discussed in the Data Quality Objective Section of this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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