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  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1965-1969  (3)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (25)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (20)
  • Avoidance
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A controlled comparison of drug effects on escape from conditioned aversive stimulation (“anxiety”) and from continuous shock (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 22 (1971), S. 323-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlorpromazine ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Avoidance ; Anxiety ; Escape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Squirrel monkeys were presented with two stimuli in alternation, separated by time out periods during which neither was present. One was white noise accompanied by irregularly spaced pulses of shock, the other continuous shock at a lower intensity. Following an interval of time which varied in an unpredictable sequence, the next depression of the response lever turned the stimulus off. The schedule on which termination was possible was identical for the two stimuli, and the intensity of the continuous shock was adjusted to a level that produced approximately equal frequencies of pressing, typically from 40 to 80 responses per minute. Doses of chlordiazepoxide ranging from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/kg, i.p., produced a significantly greater decrease in the rate of response in the presence of the continuous shock than in the presence of the noise. On the other hand, doses of chlorpromazine ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg, i.p., produced no differential effect. Previous findings of selective action on behavior that terminates signals paired with shock (avoidance) may be related to differences in experimental contingencies or in the pre-drug strength of the two performances compared, rather than to the effect of chlorpromazine on an experimental analogue of human anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406871
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A re-examination of the cloacal sacs and gland of the blind snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis (Reptilia: Leptotyphlopidae) (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cloacal sacs of Leptotyphlops dulcis are nonglandular, posterior evaginations of the cloaca. The median cloacal gland is tubuloalveolar. Similar unpaired cloacal glands as well as paired sacs are noted in certain colubrid snakes. Terminology applied to these cloacal derivatives is discussed, and a standardization of names is provided.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051330303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear development: II. Morphometric changes in the conducting apparatus of the chick (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 212 (1992), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ontogeny of various middle-ear structures was examined in 11 groups of chicks between 10 days embryonic and adult. Measurements of the tympanic membrane surface area and height, columella length, and that of the columella footplate, annular ligament, and oval window area were obtained using video micrographs and computer digitization techniques. The oval window matures first at 53 days post-hatching, whereas the columella achieves adult size at 74 days. The tympanic membrane surface area is the last middle-ear variable studied to reach adult size (79 days post-hatch). The columella increases its length from 0.63 mm (10 days embryonic) to 2.73 mm in the adult. The tympanic membrane area expands by 280% whereas the columellar footplate area increases by 11x. As a result, the pressure amplification of the middle ear due to the tympanic membrane/columellar footplate area ratio improves by over 400%. These data further contribute to our understanding of the functional development of the middle ear. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052120305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The passage of exogenous peroxidase from blood capillaries into the intestinal epithelium (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spleens of mice and the animals were sacrificed ten minutes after injection. The tissues were reacted with 3-3′ diaminobenzidine hydrochloride and the distribution of the reaction product was studied with both the light and electron microscope. The peroxidase was localized between epithelial cells up to the region of the tight junction and within vacuoles in the absorptive cells Granules ranging in size from ca. 40A to 600A were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in numbers far in excess of that found in control specimens. It appeared that the diffuse light brown staining observed in epithelial cells with the light microscope could be attributed to large numbers of granules of reaction product free in the cytoplasm. When corn oil was given by stomach tube and an intravascular injection of perioxidase was given ten minutes later, absorbed lipid was found to pass from interepithelial cell spaces to lamina propria at the same time that peroxidase was traversing the same compartments in the reverse direction. Hence, it was shown that exogenous peroxidase and probably other substances of vascular origin required for the metabolism of epithelial cells are exposed to both the basal and lateral epithelial cell membranes, even when absorbed lipid is traversing the same spaces in the opposite direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear development VI: Structural maturation of the rat conducting apparatus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 239 (1994), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Middle ear ; Auditory ; Hearing development ; Ossicles ; Tympanic membrane ; Rat (Long Evans strain) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The contribution of middle-ear development to the overall development of hearing has not been explored in great detail. This presentation describes the maturation of conductive elements in the rat middle ear, and provides the basis on which future studies of middle-ear functional development will follow.Methods: The middle-ear apparatus was examined at nine different ages (between 1 and 80 days postpartum) in Long Evans rats. At each age elements of the conducting apparatus were observed with either light or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantitative measurements were made from video enhanced photomicrographs. Tympanic membrane area and cone depth, the length of the malleus and incus arms, ossicular weight, stapes foot plate and oval window areas, and bulla volume were all measured. Development of the area and lever ratios were derived from these measurements. The data were fitted to exponential equations and the time in days required to reach 90% of the adult level determined.Results: The pars tensa achieved 90% of total area by 17 days. The oval window achieved the 90% criterion by 13 days, while the area ratio was within 10% of its adult size by 8 days. The ossicles took between 26 and 34 days, while bulla volume took 59 days to reach the 90% level.Conclusions: Middle-ear growth was very orderly and systematic in the data reported. When maturation of the area ratio was considered against development of the endocochlear potential or the round window compound action potential, it was clear that the growth of this important aspect of the middle ear preceded the onset of cochlear function. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092390413
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the urostyle during metamorphosis in five species of anurans (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 311-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Normal development of the urostyle is described during late stages of metamorphosis in five species of anurans: Xenopus laevis (Daudin), Bufo americanus Holbrook, Pseudacris triseriata (Wied), Hyla chrysoscelis Cope, and Rana pipiens Schreber. The developing urostyle of all five species is composed of essentially the same cartilaginous elements: one pair of basidorsals above the notochord and the subtended hypochord. Among the five species there is variation in such details as the number of spinal nerve foramina and the degree of fusion of the basidorsals; however, both the hypochord and basidorsals are very similar in all five genera examined. Consideration of the literature suggests that contradictory descriptions of the developing urostyle result from (1) varied methods of study (alizarin-staining of whole specimens or serial cross-sections), (2) the variety of species examined, and (3) the particular stage of development of the tadpole described by an investigator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative radioautographic study of chondrocytic proliferation in nasal septal cartilage of the 5-day-old rat, rabbit, guinea pig and beagleThis investigation was supported in part by USPHA Program Project Grant DE 00853 from the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland. (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 154 (1979), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Growth sites within the cartilaginous nasal septa of four different species of animals (5-day-old rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and beagles) were identified by monitoring cellular proliferation radioautographically. A statistical analysis (MANOVA) was employed. It showed that, of the six combinations compared (rat-beagle, rat-guinea pig, rat-rabbit, beagle-guinea pig, beagle-rabbit, and guinea pig-rabbit), in only one (beagle-guinea pig) was there any similarity in growth pattern. The other five combinations all were significantly different. Since no particular areas emerged, with any consistency, as common growth sites within any of the four kinds of septa, it was concluded that the nasal septum might well play a passive role in midfacial growth, rather than an active role as previously thought.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001540308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radioautographic study of chondrocytic proliferation in nasal septal cartilage of the newborn rat This investigation was supported in part by USPHA Program Project Grant DE 00853 from the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 150 (1977), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Growth sites within the newborn cartilaginous nasal septum have been identified by monitoring chondrocytic proliferation radioautographically. Tritiated thymidine was the labeling agent used. The results were tabulated and charted graphically; they showed the overall septum to be relatively active mitotically, yielding an average of 3.54 labeled cells per microscopic field counted. However, certain areas showed greater activity than others, namely the anterior tip (4.51 labeled cells/field), the midportion (3.98 labeled cells/field) and the posterior section of the presphenoidal tail (4.24 labeled cells/field).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001500405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphological and histochemical study of the primary and secondary immune responses in the rat spleenThis project received support from a General Research Support Grant to the University of Wisconsin Medical School from the National Institutes of Health, Division of Research Facilities and Resources. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 121 (1967), S. 305-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages and cells of the plasmocyte series were studied in the rat's spleen during the primary and secondary immune responses to particulate antigen. Evidence is presented to suggest that the plasma cell precursors are located in the marginal zones surrounding the lymphoid nodules and that less than one day following injection of antigen, these cells migrate into the nodules, where mitosis and subsequent differentiation into hemocytoblasts occurs in the presence of nodular macrophages. The hemocytoblasts then migrate across the marginal zone into the red pulp where differentiation into mature plasma cells occurs in the presence of red pulp macrophages. It is suggested that the initiation of the antibody-forming process occurs in the lymphoid nodules where marginal zone cells come into close contact with the marginal metalophils or with germinal center macrophages. The process initiating the migration of cells from the marginal zone to the nodules is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001210209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marginal zone and germinal center development in the spleens of neonatally thymectomized and nonthymectomized young ratsThis project received support from a General Research Support grant to the University of Wisconsin Medical School from the National Institutes of Health, Division of Research Facilities and Resources. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 123 (1968), S. 489-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Spleens from neonatally thymectomized and nonthymectomized young rats were studied histologically and histochemically to elucidate the development of the splenic immune system with and without thymus.In intact animals primitive germinal center activity could be elicited with antigen as early as 13 days of age. More definitive germinal centers lacking tingible body macrophages were observed at 18 days of age. Germinal centers containing tingible body macrophages did not develop until 35 days of age in response to antigenic stimulation. This coincided with maximal development of the marginal zone of medium-sized lymphocytes and the mature development of nodular macrophages possessing strong acid phosphatase activity.Neonatally thymectomized rats developed marginal zones and germinal centers similar to control littermates when the young animals were maintained on tetracycline. Thymectomized animals not given tetracycline showed disturbances in splenic development. These are discussed.The results suggest that the thymus may be critical to the immune system in rats from birth to about 30 days of age but is not essential to its function beyond this period. Marginal zone lymphocytes and germinal center cells proliferate normally and mature to the plasma cell stage in the absence of a thymus if the animals are maintained on tetracycline beyond this critical age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001230306
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