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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1975-1979
  • Rats  (2)
  • 24-hr pH monitoring  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of disrupting the cholinergic system on short-term spatial memory in rats (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 115 (1994), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Delayed matching to position ; Muscarinic ; Nicotinic ; Cholinergic antagonists ; Scopolamine ; Pirenzepine ; Hemicholinium-3 ; Mecamylamine ; Hexamethonium ; Memory ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of disrupting the muscarinic or nicotinic systems on short-term spatial memory were investigated using a delayed matching to position (DMTP) procedure. Rats were trained on the DMTP until stability and then divided into two groups: one group was implanted with an indwelling cannula aimed at the lateral ventricle. The cannulated group received injections of selective muscarinic antagonists (pirenzepine, M1; AFDX 116, M2; UH-AH 37, M1/M3) or hemicholinium-3 (a choline uptake inhibitor). The remaining animals were treated with conventional muscarinic antagonists (scopolamine, methyl scopolamine) or nicotinic channel blockers (mecamylamine, hexamethonium). Scopolamine, methyl scopolamine and UH-AH 37 disrupted all performance parameters in a non-specific but dose related manner. Pirenzepine disrupted accuracy in a delay, but not dose dependent manner, and exerted no other negative effects on performance. Hemicholinium-3-induced performance deficits showed some elements of effects seen following pirenzepine and scopolamine (delay dependent effects on accuracy, some negative effects on other motoric aspects of performance). AFDX 116 and hexamethonium had no significant effects on performance with respect to control. Mecamylamine reduced accuracy and increased response latencies at the highest dose tested. These data indicate that muscarinic antagonists are more effective at disrupting mnemonic performance than nicotinic blockers, and moreover, that distinct muscarinic receptors may have differential effects on cognitive performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245572
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutic effect of THA on hemicholinium-3-induced learning impairment is independent of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 376-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Spatial discrimination ; Hemicholinium-3 ; THA ; Serotonin ; Noradrenaline ; ACetylcholine ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA: Tacrine) has previously been shown to reverse deficits in spatial discrimination learning induced by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3). In the present experiments the effects of prior depletion of serotonin (5-HT) or noradrenaline (NA) on this reversal were examined. In the first experiment 5-HT lesions were made by injecting 5,7-DHT (2×50 µg/5 µl) into the lateral ventricles of rats pretreated with desmethylimipramine (DMI 25 mg/kg IP). A permanently indwelling guide tube was then implanted over the right lateral ventricle. Subsequent testing, under drug-free conditions, revealed no effect of the lesion on the number of trials needed to attain criterion (nine consecutive correct choices) in two-platform spatial discrimination learning in a watermaze. Using a latin square design rats were then tested for the effects of HC-3 and THA. HC-3 (5 µg/5 µl ICV) or placebo (CSF) were injected 60 min before the start of a 30-trial training session. THA (4.6, 10 mg/kg SC) or placebo were then injected 15 min before training. Choice accuracy but not choice latency was significantly impaired by HC-3 and the effect was reversed by THA in both sham operated and 5-HT lesioned rats. In the second experiment two injections of DSP-4 (50 mg/kg IP) were given, following cannulation, to deplete forebrain NA. The lesion had no effect on spatial learning under drug-free conditions and failed to block the THA-induced reversal of spatial discrimination learning deficits following HC-3. These results confirm that forebrain Ach depletion by HC-3 impairs spatial discrimination learning and that the deficit is reversed by THA. However, concommitant depletion of forebrain 5-HT or NA does not block the ameliorative effect of THA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244057
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prospective study of effects of belsey MK IV antireflux surgery on endoscopic esophagitis, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and 24-Hr pH measurements (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: antireflux surgery ; Belsey MK IV ; gastroesophageal reflux ; esophagoscopy ; standard manometry ; 24-hr pH monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study on the effect of the Belsey MK IV operation on esophagitis, lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), and acid reflux as monitored on 24-hr pH recording was conducted to investigate the association between objective changes and the effect of operation on reflux-associated symptoms. Thirty-one patients were included. The effect of surgery on symptoms was recorded in all patients, and 22 patients agreed to undergo endoscopy, manometry, and 24-hr pH recording. Follow-up ranged from three to nine years (mean five years); 87% reported long-lasting improvement (50% free of symptoms, 37% major improvement, no medication needed). The combination of symptomatic improvement and absence of esophagitis was found in 70%. LESP significantly increased [8±6 mm Hg preoperatively, 14±5 mm Hg postoperatively (P〈0.001)] to a level above 5 mm Hg in 96% of the patients. No endoscopic esophagitis was found in 17 of 20 patients (85%;P〈0.05) (two patients refused endoscopy). The 24-hr pH monitoring normalized in 11 of the 20 patients (55%) (one registration failed). The operation-induced rise in LESP correlated with improvement on endoscopy (r=0.51;P〈0.002) and with reduction of reflux parameters (number of episodes with pH〈4:r=0.64;P〈0.05, percentage of total time pH〈4:r=0.42;P=0.07). A rise in LESP must be an important aim of antireflux surgery. The Belsey MK IV does not induce a rise to a level that causes severe dysphagia or bloating, but the trade-off is less control of acid reflux. The Belsey MK IV provides long-lasting symptomatic improvement in 87% of patients. Normalization of the 24-hr pH profile is an essential marker for successful surgery, and we propose to score the results of antireflux surgery by a combination of clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02090213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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