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  • 1990-1994  (1,835)
  • 1975-1979  (709)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1,705)
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Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of singly protonated water clusters in the positive-ion mode and singly deprotonated water clusters as well as singly negatively charged water clusters in the negative-ion mode with a thermospray system running on pure water and in the discharge-on mode is described. The influence of the potential at the repeller electrode opposite to the sampling cone recalls previous mechanistic discussions on the repeller influence. Application of these water cluster ions to tuning and calibration in the thermospray mode is proposed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of a high potential at the repeller electrode, positioned opposite to the sampling cone in order to increase the sampling efficiency, can induce fragmentation in thermospray mass Spectrometry. Until now, this fragmentation has been attributed to collision-induced dissociation. As a result of studies on the changes in the reagent gas composition in the thermospray buffer ionization mode as a function of the repeller potential in the positive-ion mode, it appears that three different processes are occurring. At low repeller potentials, the thermospray mass spectra of the eluent are determined by the proton affinities and the concentrations of the various solvent constituents, and the stabilities of the formed cluster ions under the ion source conditions. With an increase in the repeller potential, collision-induced dissociation of the background ions starts to occur. When the kinetic energy of the ions and cluster ions becomes high enough, endothermic proton transfer and solvent-switching reaction pathways are opened. For the relatively volatile analytes studied, e.g. aniline, acetophenone, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, similar effects are observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; [3H]-Hexahydro-siladifenidol ; Sila-drug ; Rat ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of tritiated hexahydrosila-difenidol ([3H]-HHSiD) were examined in rats. Furthermore, the distribution of radioactivity was studied by means of whole body autoradiography. After i. v. administration of 2.9 mg/kg HHSiD plus [3H]-HHSiD to anaesthetized rats bearing a catheter implanted in the ductus choledochus and receiving a mannitol infusion, HHSiD was rapidly distributed and metabolized. Only 5% of the radioactivity was recovered in blood after 23 s and 0.4% after 2.5 h. 64% of the plasma radioactivity could be extracted with hexane from the samples taken 23 s after administration. 52% of the radioactivity was eliminated within 2.5 h, 13% by urinary and 39% by biliary excretion. Following oral administration of 8.6 mg/kg HHSiD plus [3H]-HHSiD there was an absorption of approximately one fourth of the administered radioactivity within 4 h. By means of whole body autoradiography (i. v. injection) as well as by tissue distribution measurement the highest levels of radioactivity were found in bile, urine, lung, kidney, adrenals, liver and pancreas. Thus, after i. v. administration to rats HHSiD is rather quickly distributed, metabolized and excreted. This explains its low antimuscarinic potency in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sensitization to drug reward ; Morphine ; Place conditioning ; Taste conditioning ; Abuse potential ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected daily with saline (morphine naive rats) or 20 mg/kg morphine (morphine experienced rats), starting at least 12 days before training. Subsequent place and taste conditioning indicated that 2.5 mg/kg morphine caused a significant increase in the amount of time spent on the least preferred side by morphine experienced but not by morphine naive rats; furthermore, saccharin consumption was markedly decreased and slightly increased by 10–20 mg/kg morphine in naive and experienced rats, respectively. It was concluded that morphine experience enhances the reinforcing efficacy of morphine and broadens the conditions under which the drug is reinforcing; thus it possibly increases morphine abuse potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pituitary ; Pars tuberalis ; α-Subunit ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Rat ; Mouse ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The nature of the hormone(s) secreted by the pars tuberalis (PT) is still unknown. This pituitary lobe is mainly formed by specific glandular cells that differ in their ultrastructural features from the other adenohypophysial cell types. Data from the literature indicate the presence of thyroid-stimulating hormone immunoreactivity in the PT-specific cells of the rat and the Djungarian hamster but not of other species, including the mouse and guinea-pig. The PT also encloses variable numbers of pars distalis cells, essentially gonadotrophs that are mainly dispersed in its caudal area. We studied the expression of the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit in the PT of the rat, mouse and guinea-pig by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In situ hybridization, using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to rat cDNA sequence 196–237 revealed the expression of the α-subunit gene throughout the PT of the rat and the mouse; in the guinea-pig, the probe labelled no pituitary cells. Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry demonstrated α-subunit immunoreactivity in the secretory granules of the PT-specific cells in the three species examined. These cells did not react with a specific antibody against the β-subunit of luteinizing hormone, an antibody that labelled scattered gonadotrophs. The present data suggest that hormone(s) produced by the PT-specific glandular cells are, at least partly, related to glycoprotein hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Pars tuberalis ; α-Subunit ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Rat ; Mouse ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nature of the hormone(s) secreted by the pars tuberalis (PT) is still unknown. This pituitary lobe is mainly formed by specific glandular cells that differ in their ultrastructural features from the other adenohypophysial cell types. Data from the literature indicate the presence of thyroid-stimulating hormone immunoreactivity in the PT-specific cells of the rat and the Djungarian hamster but not of other species, including the mouse and guinea-pig. The PT also encloses variable numbers of pars distalis cells, essentially gonadotrophs that are mainly dispersed in its caudal area. We studied the expression of the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit in the PT of the rat, mouse and guinea-pig by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In situ hybridization, using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to rat cDNA sequence 196–237 revealed the expression of the α-subunit gene throughout the PT of the rat and the mouse; in the guinea-pig, the probe labelled no pituitary cells. Light-and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry demonstrated α-subunit immunoreactivity in the secretory granules of the PT-specific cells in the three species examined. These cells did not react with a specific antibody against the β-subunit of luteinizing hormone, an antibody that labelled scattered gonadotrops. The present data suggest that hormone(s) produced by the PT-specific glandular cells are, at least partly, related to glycoprotein hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 170-172 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; LC/GC ; On-line coupling ; Metal complexes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The on-line coupled LC-GC technique was applied to the analysis of several metal chelates of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A 10-port valve interface was used to couple the LC and GC instruments. Conditions during sample transfer into the GC gave fully concurrent solvent evaporation. The chelates investigated were separated with a short apolar fused silica column. LC preseparation was made with cyano or amino phases using a hexane/dichloromethane mixture as eluent. On-line LC-GC combination seems to be very suitable for the separation of the metal chelates studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 27 (1992), S. 835-836 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Biomonitoring studies of elements (Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr and Pb) in leaves of Nerium oleander were performed using energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The samples were collected at different locations in Lisbon, some with light and others with heavy traffic. The results were compared with those obtained for samples from the same species collected in an unpolluted region. Significant differences in the concentrations of some elements, particularly iron, titanium, zinc, strontium and lead, were found for samples from different locations. Titanium and iron concentrations had similar variations from one site to another with an almost constant ratio (Ti/Fe ≍ 0.2). The concentrations of lead were, as expected, higher at locations with heavier traffic.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 23 (1992), S. 523-529 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Non-planar conformational distortions have recently been implicated in the biological activity of porphyrins and related tetrapyrroles in proteins, and several studies have used highly substituted porphyrins to model these nonplanar conformational distortions. Several aspects of non-planarity in the highly substituted metalloporphyrins are discussed, focusing on resonance Raman spectroscopy as a technique for investigating these structural issues. First, different non-planar distortions cause characteristic changes in the Raman spectrum. Specifically, the decreases in frequency of several Raman lines when compared with planar porphyrin analogs are shown to be similar for several classes of non-planar highly substituted porphyrins. Second, the effect of the central metal ion [ M = Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(III), Fe(III)] on the conformation of the sterically constrained non-planar porphyrin octaethyltetraphenylporphyrin is considered. Responding to the conformational adjustments resulting from different metal size, the frequency of the structure-sensitive Raman line v2 correlates with several structural parameters obtained from either mechanics calculations or crystallographic studies. The parameters include Cβ—Cβ bond length, core size and Cα—N—Cα angle. Finally, an effect of electron-withdrawing substituents on the Raman frequencies is evident for the different classes of highly substituted porphyrins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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